TABLE 1. Classification of potential endocrine, ovarian, and estrous cycle disruption associated with pesticides in the Agricultural Health Study, Iowa and North Carolina, 1993–1997*
Probable
|
Possible
|
Conflicting evidence
|
Endocrine disruptors |
|
|
| Atrazine |
Alachlor |
Carbofuran |
| Lindane |
Metribuzin |
Benomyl |
| Mancozeb |
Parathion |
Dichlorvos |
| Maneb |
|
Malathion |
|
|
Permethrin |
|
|
Trifluralin |
| Ovarian effects |
|
|
| Atrazine |
Alachlor |
Benomyl |
| Carbaryl |
Butylate |
Glyphosate |
| Lindane |
Captan |
|
|
Carbofuran |
|
|
Parathion |
|
|
Petroleum oil |
|
|
Trichlorfon |
|
| Estrous cycle disruptors |
|
|
| Atrazine |
Carbaryl |
|
| Lindane |
Carbofuran |
|
| Mancozeb |
Cyanazine |
|
| Maneb |
Parathion |
|
|
Petroleum oil
|
|
|
* Limited to pesticides on the market in 1993. The following pesticides showed evidence of no effect or a lack of evidence of an effect on reproductive hormones, the ovary, or the estrous cycle in toxicology studies: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), aldicarb, aluminum phosphide, chlorimuron ethyl, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, diazinon, dicamba, S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC), fonofos, imazethapyr, metalaxyl, methyl bromide, metolachlor, paraquat dichloride, pendimethalin, phorate, terbufos, and ziram.
The hormones examined were estrogen, androgen, thyroid hormones, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone.
