Am J Epidemiol 2003; 157:298-300.
Copyright © 2003 by Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Invited Commentary: Condom Effectiveness—Will Prostate-specific Antigen Shed New Light on This Perplexing Problem?
1 Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC.
2 AIDS Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
3 Center for Reproductive Health Research and Policy, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
4 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
Received for publication August 17, 2001; accepted for publication June 27, 2002.
Abbreviations: Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
 |
INTRODUCTION |
|---|
On July 20, 2001, the US National Institutes of Health released a controversial report summarizing a federal interagency workshop on the scientific evidence for condom effectiveness in preventing eight sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (1, 2). After reviewing 180 papers, the report concluded that correct and consistent use of condoms "significantly reduced the risk of HIV [human immunodeficiency virus] infection in men and women" (1, p. ii) and "could reduce the risk of gonorrhea for men" (1, p. ii). However, for all other STIs reviewed (gonorrhea in women, chlamydial infection, syphilis, chancroid, trichomoniasis, genital herpes, and genital human papillomavirus), "there was insufficient evidence from the epidemiologic studies ... to draw definite conclusions" (1, p. ii).
Does the absence of data demonstrating a protective effect against many STIs indicate that condoms do not work? Alternatively, may this absence simply reflect the particular challenges
|
EVIDENCE ON CONDOM EFFECTIVENESS |
|---|
|
MEASUREMENT CHALLENGES |
|---|
|
CAN PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN HELP? |
|---|
|
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
|---|
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
Related articles in Am. J. Epidemiol.:
- Partner Characteristics, Intensity of the Intercourse, and Semen Exposure During Use of the Female Condom
- M. Louise Lawson, Maurizio Macaluso, Ann Duerr, Glen Hortin, Karen R. Hammond, Richard Blackwell, Lynn Artz, and Amy Bloom
Am. J. Epidemiol. 2003 157: 282-288.[Abstract] [FREE Full Text] - Efficacy of the Female Condom as a Barrier to Semen During Intercourse
- Maurizio Macaluso, M. Louise Lawson, Glen Hortin, Ann Duerr, Karen R. Hammond, Richard Blackwell, and Amy Bloom
Am. J. Epidemiol. 2003 157: 289-297.[Abstract] [FREE Full Text] - Macaluso et al. Respond to "Condom Effectiveness and Prostate-specific Antigen"
- Maurizio Macaluso, M. Louise Lawson, Ann Duerr, and Glen Hortin
Am. J. Epidemiol. 2003 157: 301-302.[Extract] [FREE Full Text]
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. M. Minnis, M. J. Steiner, M. F. Gallo, L. Warner, M. M. Hobbs, A. van der Straten, T. Chipato, M. Macaluso, and N. S. Padian Biomarker Validation of Reports of Recent Sexual Activity: Results of a Randomized Controlled Study in Zimbabwe Am. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2009; 170(7): 918 - 924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. C Thomsen, M. F Gallo, W. Ombidi, Z. Omungo, B. Janowitz, M. Hawken, H. Tucker, E. L Wong, and M. M Hobbs Randomised controlled trial on whether advance knowledge of prostate-specific antigen testing improves participant reporting of unprotected sex Sex Transm Inf, August 1, 2007; 83(5): 419 - 420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Macaluso, R. Blackwell, D. J. Jamieson, A. Kulczycki, M. P. Chen, R. Akers, D.-j. Kim, and A. Duerr Efficacy of the Male Latex Condom and of the Female Polyurethane Condom as Barriers to Semen during Intercourse: A Randomized Clinical Trial Am. J. Epidemiol., July 1, 2007; 166(1): 88 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Zaviacic and R. J. Ablin THE USE OF PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AS A CRITERION FOR CONDOM EFFECTIVENESS Am. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2005; 162(7): 704 - 705. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Hobbs, M. J. Steiner, P. J. Feldblum, and N. Padian HOBBS ET AL. REPLY Am. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2005; 162(7): 706 - 706. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A M Minnis and N S Padian Effectiveness of female controlled barrier methods in preventing sexually transmitted infections and HIV: current evidence and future research directions Sex Transm Inf, June 1, 2005; 81(3): 193 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Paz-Bailey, E. H. Koumans, M. Sternberg, A. Pierce, J. Papp, E. R. Unger, M. Sawyer, C. M. Black, and L. E. Markowitz The Effect of Correct and Consistent Condom Use on Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infection Among Urban Adolescents Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, June 1, 2005; 159(6): 536 - 542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Edwards, S. C. Thomsen, and C. Toroitich-Ruto Thinking Aloud to Create Better Condom Use Questions Field Methods, May 1, 2005; 17(2): 183 - 199. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Warner, D. R. Newman, H. D. Austin, M. L. Kamb, J. M. Douglas Jr., C. K. Malotte, J. M. Zenilman, J. Rogers, G. Bolan, M. Fishbein, et al. Condom Effectiveness for Reducing Transmission of Gonorrhea and Chlamydia: The Importance of Assessing Partner Infection Status Am. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2004; 159(3): 242 - 251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Mann and C. S. Stine RE: "INVITED COMMENTARY: CONDOM EFFECTIVENESS--WILL PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN SHED NEW LIGHT ON THIS PERPLEXING PROBLEM?" Am. J. Epidemiol., July 15, 2003; 158(2): 193 - 193. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Steiner, P. J. Feldblum, and N. Padian THE AUTHORS REPLY Am. J. Epidemiol., July 15, 2003; 158(2): 193 - 193. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Giles Transmission of HPV Can. Med. Assoc. J., May 27, 2003; 168(11): 1391 - 1391. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Macaluso, M. L. Lawson, A. Duerr, and G. Hortin Macaluso et al. Respond to "Condom Effectiveness and Prostate-specific Antigen" Am. J. Epidemiol., February 15, 2003; 157(4): 301 - 302. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|