Am J Epidemiol 2003; 157:298-300.
Copyright © 2003 by Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Invited Commentary: Condom Effectiveness—Will Prostate-specific Antigen Shed New Light on This Perplexing Problem?
1 Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC.
2 AIDS Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
3 Center for Reproductive Health Research and Policy, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
4 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
Received for publication August 17, 2001; accepted for publication June 27, 2002.
Abbreviations: Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
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INTRODUCTION |
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On July 20, 2001, the US National Institutes of Health released a controversial report summarizing a federal interagency workshop on the scientific evidence for condom effectiveness in preventing eight sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (1, 2). After reviewing 180 papers, the report concluded that correct and consistent use of condoms "significantly reduced the risk of HIV [human immunodeficiency virus] infection in men and women" (1, p. ii) and "could reduce the risk of gonorrhea for men" (1, p. ii). However, for all other STIs reviewed (gonorrhea in women, chlamydial infection, syphilis, chancroid, trichomoniasis, genital herpes, and genital human papillomavirus), "there was insufficient evidence from the epidemiologic studies ... to draw definite conclusions" (1, p. ii).
Does the absence of data demonstrating a protective effect against many STIs indicate that condoms do not work? Alternatively, may this absence simply reflect the particular challenges
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EVIDENCE ON CONDOM EFFECTIVENESS |
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MEASUREMENT CHALLENGES |
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CAN PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN HELP? |
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
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