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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 153, No. 12 : 1148-1150
Copyright © 2001 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Invited Commentary: Serum Carotenoids and Breast Cancer

Thomas E. Rohan

From the Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.


   INTRODUCTION
 
A vast amount of epidemiologic evidence suggests that a relatively high fruit and vegetable intake is associated with reduced risk of cancer (1Go). Although findings for breast cancer are less consistent than those for cancers at several other anatomic sites, including the mouth and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and lung (1Go), a recent meta-analysis suggested that women with a relatively high vegetable consumption have a 25 percent reduction in breast cancer risk, and those with a relatively high fruit consumption have approximately a 6 percent reduction in risk (2Go).

Vegetables and fruits contain numerous bioactive and potentially anticarcinogenic substances, including carotenes, dithiolthiones, flavonoids, indoles, isothiocyanates, phenols, folic acid, and vitamins C and E (3Go). The many possible mechanisms by which these substances might inhibit carcinogenesis include antioxidant effects, increases in cell-to-cell communication, activation of enzymes involved in carcinogen detoxification, alteration of estrogen metabolism, effects on DNA methylation . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   NOTES
 

   REFERENCES
 

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Serum Carotenoids and Breast Cancer
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Am. J. Epidemiol. 2001 153: 1142-1147. [Abstract] [FREE Full Text]  

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