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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access published online on March 16, 2007
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwm036
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American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright © 2007 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved; printed in U.S.A.

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION

Flavonoid Intake and Cognitive Decline over a 10-Year Period

L Letenneur1,2, C Proust-Lima2,3, A Le Gouge1,2, JF Dartigues1,2 and P Barberger-Gateau1,2

1 INSERM, Unité 593, Bordeaux, France
2 Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
3 INSERM, Unité 875, Bordeaux, France

Correspondence to Dr. Luc Letenneur, INSERM, Unité 593, Case 11, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France (e-mail: luc.letenneur{at}bordeaux.inserm.fr).

Received for publication July 5, 2006. Accepted for publication December 12, 2006.

In the PAQUID (Personnes Agées Quid) study, the authors prospectively examined flavonoid intake in relation to cognitive function and decline among subjects aged 65 years or older. A total of 1,640 subjects free from dementia at baseline in 1990 and with reliable dietary assessment were reexamined four times over a 10-year period. Cognitive functioning was assessed through three psychometric tests (Mini-Mental State Examination, Benton's Visual Retention Test, "Isaacs" Set Test) at each visit. Information on flavonoid intake was collected at baseline. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the evolution of cognitive performance according to quartiles of flavonoid intake. After adjustment for age, sex, and educational level, flavonoid intake was associated with better cognitive performance at baseline (p = 0.019) and with a better evolution of the performance over time (p = 0.046). Subjects included in the two highest quartiles of flavonoid intake had better cognitive evolution than did subjects in the lowest quartile. After 10 years' follow-up, subjects with the lowest flavonoid intake had lost on average 2.1 points on the Mini-Mental State Examination, whereas subjects with the highest quartile had lost 1.2 points. This gradient persisted after adjustment for several other potential confounders. This study raises the possibility that dietary flavonoid intake is associated with better cognitive evolution.

antioxidants; cognition; flavonoids; nutrition assessment

Abbreviations: BVRT, Benton's Visual Retention Test; IST, "Isaacs" Set Test; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; SD, standard deviation


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