Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Disclaimer
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by WOODWARD, W. E.
Right arrow Articles by WOODWARD, R. C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by WOODWARD, W. E.
Right arrow Articles by WOODWARD, R. C.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 99, No. 4: 281-290
Copyright © 1974 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

other

ACUTE DIARRHEA ON AN APACHE INDIAN RESERVATION1

WILLIAM E. WOODWARD2,3, NORBERT HIRSCHHORN2, R. BRADLEY SACK2,4, RICHARD A. CASH2, INEZ BROWNLEE4, GRACE H. CHICKADONZ5, LOIS K. EVANS5, RICHARD H. SHEPARD2 and R. CRAIG WOODWARD2

2Departments of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Baltimore City Hospitals Baltimore, Maryland
4Department of Medicine, University of Oregon Portland, Oregon
5Georgetown University School of Nursing Washington, D.C.

3Reprint requests to Dr.W.E.Woodeard, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Infection Disease Division,29 S.Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland21201

A comprehensive study of the causes and treatment of acute "summer diarrhea" on the Fort Apache Reservation found that the peak incidence was in children under age two of whom two-fifths were affected at least once, and one-quarter of all children required hospitalization. Thirty-five per cent of rectal swab cultures yielded a recognized pathogen, primarily Shigella species. In spite of liberal antimicrobial usage on the reservation no Shigella isolate showed multiple drug resistance. Conversely, one-third of the isolates of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli serotypes were multiply resistant. S. flexneri predominated over S. sonnei by 4: 1. A significant correlation between poor home sanitation and the isolation of S. flexneri was found. The diarrheal attack rate rose simultaneously with rainfall, temperature and bacterial contamination of water sources. Diarrhea continues to be a serious burden to Apache people.

diarrhea; Escherichia coli infections; Indian, North American; sanitation; Shigella

1This study was supported by National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases Contract 71–2260


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 JDRHome page
P. F. Infante and G. M. Gillespie
Enamel Hypoplasia in Relation to Caries in Guatemalan Children
Journal of Dental Research, May 1, 1977; 56(5): 493 - 498.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.