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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 91, No. 5: 486-499
Copyright © 1970 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

CELLULAR TYPES, SURVIVAL, RACE, NATIVITY, OCCUPATIONS, HABITS AND ASSOCIATED DISEASES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF LIP CANCERS

ANDREW Z. KELLER, Chief1

1Research in Geographic Epidemiology Research Service, Department of Medicine and Surgery (151F), Veterans Administration Central Office Wash., D. C. 20420

Keller, A. Z, (Research Service, DM & S, 151F, Veterans Administration, Wash., D.C. 20420). Cellular types, survival, race, nativity, occupations, habits and associated diseases in the pathogenesis of lip cancers. Amer. J. Epid., 1970, 91: 486–499.—This study investigates the hypothesis that epidermal cancers of the skin are associated with mucous membrane cancers of the lips. It also characterizes 314 males with lip cancers on age, race, residence, birthplace, occupations, survivorship, the use of tobacco and alcohol, and cellular types of lip cancers. To achieve these objectives, cases are compared with two control groups: one group with mucous membrane cancers of the mouth and pharynx and the other with none of these cancers. Rates of incidence and prevalence are also computed by employing as denominators veterans living in 1960. Cases and controls compose a 20% sample of discharges in a five-year period from the nation-wide complex of over 160 veterans' hospitals in the United States. The study finds that: 1) Lip cancers are significantly excessive among native residents of the South and emigrant residents from the South to the Mountain States. 2) Lip cancers are associated with farming and other outdoor occupations. 3) Use of tobacco in pipes, cigars and cigarettes but not in pipes alone is significantly associated with lip cancers. 4) Basal cell in contrast to squamous cell carcinomas occur with similar frequency on the upper and lower lips. 5) The risk of lip cancers increases with advancing age, although lip cancers are not an important contributor to the underlying causes of death. 6) Case survival is significantly high with localized lip cancers. 7) Skin cancers of the head, face and neck are strongly associated with lip cancers. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that factors in the pathogenesis of lip cancers relate probably to tobacco use, but definitely to race, age, residence, occupation and skin cancers. Moreover, there exists the strong association of skin with lip cancers, apart from the effects of age, race, occupation and residence.

carcinoma; demography; lip neoplasms; neoplasms; occupational diseases; skin neoplasms; smoking; tobacco


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