American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on February 11, 2009
American Journal of Epidemiology 2009 169(8):962-968; doi:10.1093/aje/kwn422
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Alcohol Intake and Cigarette Smoking and Risk of a Contralateral Breast Cancer
The Women's Environmental Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Study
Correspondence to Dr. Julia Knight, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Room 5-237, Box 18, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9 (e-mail: knight{at}lunenfeld.ca).
Received for publication September 12, 2008. Accepted for publication December 19, 2008.
Women with primary breast cancer are at increased risk of developing second primary breast cancer. Few studies have evaluated risk factors for the development of asynchronous contralateral breast cancer in women with breast cancer. In the Women's Environmental Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Study (1985–2001), the roles of alcohol and smoking were examined in 708 women with asynchronous contralateral breast cancer (cases) compared with 1,399 women with unilateral breast cancer (controls). Cases and controls aged less than 55 years at first breast cancer diagnosis were identified from 5 population-based cancer registries in the United States and Denmark. Controls were matched to cases on birth year, diagnosis year, registry region, and race and countermatched on radiation treatment. Risk factor information was collected by telephone interview. Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using conditional logistic regression. Ever regular drinking was associated with an increased risk of asynchronous contralateral breast cancer (rate ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 1.6), and the risk increased with increasing duration (P = 0.03). Smoking was not related to asynchronous contralateral breast cancer. In this, the largest study of asynchronous contralateral breast cancer to date, alcohol is a risk factor for the disease, as it is for a first primary breast cancer.
alcohol drinking; breast neoplasms; neoplasms, second primary; smoking
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; RR, rate ratio; WECARE, Women's Environmental Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology
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