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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on March 6, 2009
American Journal of Epidemiology 2009 169(8):1025-1032; doi:10.1093/aje/kwp004
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American Journal of Epidemiology © The Author 2009. Published by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Longitudinal Trends in Hazardous Alcohol Consumption Among Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, 1995–2006

Robert L. Cook, Fang Zhu, Bea Herbeck Belnap, Kathleen Weber, Judith A. Cook, David Vlahov, Tracey E. Wilson, Nancy A. Hessol, Michael Plankey, Andrea A. Howard, Stephen R. Cole, Gerald B. Sharp, Jean L. Richardson and Mardge H. Cohen

Correspondence to Dr. Robert L. Cook, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32607 (e-mail: cookrl{at}phhp.ufl.edu).

Received for publication August 28, 2008. Accepted for publication January 6, 2009.

Hazardous alcohol consumption among women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with several adverse health and behavioral outcomes, but the proportion of HIV-positive women who engage in hazardous drinking over time is unclear. The authors sought to determine rates of hazardous alcohol consumption among these women over time and to identify factors associated with this behavior. Subjects were 2,770 HIV-positive women recruited from 6 US cities who participated in semiannual follow-up visits in the Women's Interagency HIV Study from 1995 to 2006. Hazardous alcohol consumption was defined as exceeding daily (≥4 drinks) or weekly (>7 drinks) consumption recommendations. Over the 11-year follow-up period, 14%–24% of the women reported past-year hazardous drinking, with a slight decrease in hazardous drinking over time. Women were significantly more likely to report hazardous drinking if they were unemployed, were not high school graduates, had been enrolled in the original cohort (1994–1995), had a CD4 cell count of 200–500 cells/mL, were hepatitis C-seropositive, or had symptoms of depression. Approximately 1 in 5 of the women met criteria for hazardous drinking. Interventions to identify and address hazardous drinking among HIV-positive women are urgently needed.

alcohol drinking; HIV; longitudinal studies; women

Abbreviations: HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; WIHS, Women's Interagency HIV Study


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