American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on February 24, 2009
American Journal of Epidemiology 2009 169(7):787-797; doi:10.1093/aje/kwp024
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Intersecting Birth Weight-specific Mortality Curves: Solving the Riddle
Correspondence to Dr. Olga Basso, Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Mail Drop A3-05, P.O. Box 12233, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (e-mail: bassoo2{at}niehs.nih.gov).
Received for publication June 18, 2008. Accepted for publication September 23, 2008.
Small babies from a population with higher infant mortality often have better survival than small babies from a lower-risk population. This phenomenon can in principle be explained entirely by the presence of unmeasured confounding factors that increase mortality and decrease birth weight. Using a previously developed model for birth weight-specific mortality, the authors demonstrate specifically how strong unmeasured confounders can cause mortality curves stratified by known risk factors to intersect. In this model, the addition of a simple exposure (one that reduces birth weight and independently increases mortality) will produce the familiar reversal of risk among small babies. Furthermore, the model explicitly shows how the mix of high- and low-risk babies within a given stratum of birth weight produces lower mortality for high-risk babies at low birth weights. If unmeasured confounders are, in fact, responsible for the intersection of weight-specific mortality curves, then they must also (by virtue of being confounders) contribute to the strength of the observed gradient of mortality by birth weight. It follows that the true gradient of mortality with birth weight would be weaker than what is observed, if indeed there is any true gradient at all.
birth weight; confounding factors (epidemiology); infant mortality; smoking
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation
Editor's note: An invited commentary on this article is published on page 798.
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Related articles in Am. J. Epidemiol.:
- Invited Commentary: Crossing Curves—It's Time to Focus on Gestational Age-specific Mortality
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Am. J. Epidemiol. 2009 169: 798-801.[Abstract] [Full Text]
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  J. D. Parker and M. A. Klebanoff Invited Commentary: Crossing Curves--It's Time to Focus on Gestational Age-specific Mortality Am. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2009; 169(7): 798 - 801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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