Skip Navigation


American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on December 13, 2008
American Journal of Epidemiology 2009 169(4):480-488; doi:10.1093/aje/kwn354
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
169/4/480    most recent
kwn354v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Disclaimer
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Kapeu, A. S.
Right arrow Articles by Lehtinen, M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Kapeu, A. S.
Right arrow Articles by Lehtinen, M.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

American Journal of Epidemiology © The Author 2008. Published by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Is Smoking an Independent Risk Factor for Invasive Cervical Cancer? A Nested Case-Control Study Within Nordic Biobanks

Aline Simen Kapeu, Tapio Luostarinen, Egil Jellum, Joakim Dillner, Matti Hakama, Pentti Koskela, Per Lenner, Arthur Löve, Eija Mahlamaki, Steinar Thoresen, Laufey Tryggvadóttir, Göran Wadell, Linda Youngman and Matti Lehtinen

Correspondence to Dr. Aline Simen Kapeu, National Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 310, 90101 Oulu, Finland (e-mail: kapeu_aline{at}yahoo.fr).

Received for publication April 18, 2008. Accepted for publication October 8, 2008.

The strong correlation between smoking and exposure to oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has made it difficult to verify the independent role of smoking in cervical carcinogenesis. Thus, the authors evaluated this role. Five large Nordic serum banks containing samples from more than 1,000,000 subjects were linked with nationwide cancer registries (1973–2003). Serum samples were retrieved from 588 women who developed invasive cervical cancer and 2,861 matched controls. The samples were analyzed for cotinine (a biomarker of tobacco exposure) and antibodies to HPV types 16 and 18, herpes simplex virus type 2, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Smoking was associated with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among HPV16- and/or HPV18-seropositive heavy smokers (odds ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.7, 4.3). A similar risk of SCC (odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 2.6, 4.0) was found in heavy smokers after adjustment for HPV16/18 antibodies. The point estimates increased with increasing age at diagnosis and increasing cotinine level. This study confirms that smoking is an independent risk factor for cervical cancer/SCC in women infected with oncogenic HPVs. These findings emphasize the importance of cervical cancer prevention among women exposed to tobacco smoke.

carcinoma, squamous cell; risk factors; smoking; uterine cervical neoplasms

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HPV, human papillomavirus; MONICA, Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?




Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.