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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on March 27, 2009
American Journal of Epidemiology 2009 169(10):1243-1250; doi:10.1093/aje/kwp030
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American Journal of Epidemiology © The Author 2009. Published by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Reproductive Factors and Risk of Renal Cell Cancer

The Nurses' Health Study

Jung Eun Lee, Susan E. Hankinson and Eunyoung Cho

Correspondence to Dr. Jung Eun Lee, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: jung.lee{at}channing.harvard.edu).

Received for publication September 29, 2008. Accepted for publication January 22, 2009.

Few prospective studies have examined associations between reproductive factors and risk of renal cell cancer (RCC). The authors prospectively examined whether postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use, oral contraceptive use, parity, and other reproductive factors were associated with RCC risk among 118,219 US women in the Nurses’ Health Study. A total of 247 RCC cases were confirmed between 1976 and 2004. Multivariate relative risks, adjusted for known risk factors, were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Compared with 1 or 2 childbirths, the multivariate relative risks were 1.75 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21, 2.53) for 4 childbirths and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.23) for ≥5 childbirths (Ptrend = 0.02). Comparing an age at first birth of ≥28 years with an age at first birth of ≤22 years, the multivariate relative risk was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.43, 1.01; Ptrend = 0.01). Compared with 1–3 childbirths and an age at first birth of ≥26 years, the multivariate relative risk was 2.17 (95% CI: 1.49, 3.14) for ≥4 childbirths and an age at first birth of <26 years. No clear associations were observed for PMH use or duration, time since last PMH use, oral contraceptive use or duration, age at menarche, age at menopause, or history of hysterectomy or oophorectomy.

carcinoma, renal cell; kidney neoplasms; parity; prospective studies

Abbreviations: PMH, postmenopausal hormone(s); RCC, renal cell cancer


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