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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on June 24, 2007
American Journal of Epidemiology 2007 166(6):731-740; doi:10.1093/aje/kwm125
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American Journal of Epidemiology © The Author 2007. Published by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Determinants of Serum Adiponectin in Persons with and without Type 1 Diabetes

David M. Maahs1, Lorraine G. Ogden2, Janet K. Snell-Bergeon1, Gregory L. Kinney1, R. Paul Wadwa1, John E. Hokanson2, Dana Dabelea2, Adam Kretowski1, Robert H. Eckel3 and Marian Rewers1,2

1 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO
2 Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO
3 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO

Correspondence to Dr. David M. Maahs, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 6511, Mail Stop A140, Aurora, CO 80045 (e-mail: David.Maahs{at}uchsc.edu).

Received for publication November 20, 2006. Accepted for publication March 13, 2007.

Low levels of adiponectin have been related to coronary heart disease, but adiponectin is higher in persons with type 1 diabetes who have an increased rate of coronary disease. In the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes Study (2000–2002), the authors investigated potential determinants of elevated adiponectin levels in persons with type 1 diabetes and whether a difference exists compared with nondiabetic persons. Serum adiponectin was measured in 1,393 persons (sex: 48% male; age: 38 (standard deviation: 9) years; diabetes duration: 23 (standard deviation: 9) years; 54% nondiabetic and 46% with type 1 diabetes). Determinants of log-transformed adiponectin levels were evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis with interaction terms to determine whether predictors of adiponectin levels differed by diabetes status. Adiponectin levels were higher in type 1 diabetic than nondiabetic persons (13.5 (standard deviation: 1.0) vs. 8.8 (standard deviation: 1.0) µg/ml; p < 0.0001), adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and glomerular filtration rate. The final regression model explained 67% of the difference in adiponectin levels between type 1 diabetic and nondiabetic persons. The variables explaining this difference included high density lipoprotein cholesterol, albumin excretion rate, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and hemoglobin A1c level. Adiponectin is higher in type 1 diabetic than nondiabetic persons. Although some of the difference can be explained, further study is needed to better understand the relation between elevated adiponectin levels and patient outcomes, including coronary heart disease.

adiponectin; coronary disease; diabetes mellitus, type 1

Abbreviations: EGDR, estimated glucose disposal rate; GFRCG, glomerular filtration rate estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula; GFRMDRD, glomerular filtration rate estimated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Equation; HDL, high density lipoprotein; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1


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