American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on December 20, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology 2007 165(5):583-590; doi:10.1093/aje/kwk035
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Fertility Treatment and Reproductive Health of Male Offspring: A Study of 1,925 Young Men from the General Population
1 Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
2 Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Correspondence to Dr. Tina Kold Jensen, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR 5064 Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (e-mail: tkjensen{at}health.sdu.dk).
Received for publication May 24, 2006. Accepted for publication July 24, 2006.
Little is known the about the reproductive health of offspring after fertility treatment. In 2001–2005, the authors approached young Danish men attending a compulsory physical examination to determine their fitness for military service. A total of 1,925 men volunteered, delivered a semen sample, had a physical examination performed and a blood sample drawn, and responded to a questionnaire. Their mothers were questioned about whether they had received fertility treatment in order to conceive their sons. Forty-seven mothers reported having received fertility treatment to conceive the index subject. After control for confounders, men whose mothers had received fertility treatment to conceive them had a 46% lower sperm concentration (95% confidence interval (CI): –63, –20) and a 45% lower total sperm count (95% CI: –64, –16). They had a smaller testis size (–0.9 ml, 95% CI: –2.2, 0.4), fewer motile sperm (–4.0%, 95% CI: –8.0, –0.1), and fewer morphologically normal spermatozoa (–2.0%, 95% CI: –4.1, 0.0). They also had a lower serum testosterone level and free androgen index (results not statistically significant). These findings should be viewed in light of the increasing use of fertility treatments. Although the cause of these findings is unknown, they raise concern about possible late effects of fertility treatment. Larger-scale studies of children born after fertility treatment should be performed.
fertilization in vitro; infertility; infertility, male; semen; spermatozoa; sperm count; testis; testosterone
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation
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