American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on June 14, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology 2006 164(4):317-325; doi:10.1093/aje/kwj209
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Original Contribution |
Does Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy Have a Direct Effect on Future Offspring Obesity? Evidence from a Prospective Birth Cohort Study
1 Longitudinal Studies Unit, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
2 Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
3 Child Development and Rehabilitation Services, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
4 School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Correspondence to Dr. Abdullah Al Mamun, Longitudinal Studies Unit, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia (e-mail: mamun{at}sph.uq.edu.au).
The authors used a population-based birth cohort of 3,253 children (52% males) born in Brisbane, Australia, between 1981 and 1984 to prospectively examine whether maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with offspring overweight and obesity. The authors compared mean body mass indexes (weight (kg)/height (m)2) and levels of overweight and obesity at age 14 years among offspring by patterns of maternal smoking (never smoked, smoked before and/or after pregnancy but not during pregnancy, or smoked during pregnancy). Adolescent body mass index and prevalences of overweight and obesity were greater in offspring whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy than in those whose mothers had never smoked. Body mass index and levels of overweight and obesity among adolescent offspring whose mothers stopped smoking during pregnancy but smoked at other times in the child's life were similar to those among offspring whose mothers had never smoked. These results were independent of a range of potentially confounding factors and suggest a direct effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on adolescent overweight and obesity. They provide yet another incentive for pregnant women to be persuaded not to smoke and for young women to be encouraged to never take up smoking.
body mass index; obesity; overweight; pregnancy; smoking
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index
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