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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on June 7, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology 2006 164(3):212-221; doi:10.1093/aje/kwj203
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American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright © 2006 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved; printed in U.S.A.

Original Contribution

Child and Maternal Household Chemical Exposure and the Risk of Acute Leukemia in Children with Down's Syndrome: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group

Lucy E. Alderton1,2, Logan G. Spector2,3, Cindy K. Blair2,3, Michelle Roesler2,3, Andrew F. Olshan4, Leslie L. Robison2,3 and Julie A. Ross2,3

1 Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
3 University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN
4 Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC

Correspondence to Dr. Logan G. Spector, Division of Epidemiology/Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, MMC 715, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (e-mail: spector{at}epi.umn.edu).

Compared with the general pediatric population, children with Down's syndrome have a much higher risk of acute leukemia. This case-control study was designed to explore potential risk factors for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia in children with Down's syndrome living in the United States or Canada. Mothers of 158 children with Down's syndrome and acute leukemia (97 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 61 acute myeloid leukemia) diagnosed between January 1997 and October 2002 and mothers of 173 children with Down's syndrome but without leukemia were interviewed by telephone. Positive associations were found between acute lymphoblastic leukemia and maternal exposure to professional pest exterminations (odds ratio = 2.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.13, 4.49), to any pesticide (odds ratio = 2.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 4.39), and to any chemical (odds ratio = 2.72, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 6.35). Most of the associations with acute myeloid leukemia were nonsignificant, and odds ratios were generally near or below 1.0. This exploratory study suggests that household chemical exposure may play a role in the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with Down's syndrome.

Down syndrome; environmental exposure; leukemia; maternal exposure

Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia


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