American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on December 15, 2005
American Journal of Epidemiology 2006 163(4):334-341; doi:10.1093/aje/kwj051
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Original Contribution |
Hemostatic Factors, Inflammatory Markers, and Progressive Peripheral Atherosclerosis
The Edinburgh Artery Study
1 Wolfson Unit for Prevention of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
2 Department of General Practice and Primary Care, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
3 Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow and Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Correspondence to Ioanna Tzoulaki, Wolfson Unit for Prevention of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom (e-mail: I.Tzoulaki{at}sms.ed.ac.uk).
The interplay between inflammatory and hemostatic mechanisms may play a crucial role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The authors evaluated the separate and joint associations of hemostatic and inflammatory variables on peripheral atherosclerotic progression in the Edinburgh Artery Study, a population cohort study of 1,592 men and women aged 55–74 years that started in 1987. Levels of fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer, von Willebrand factor, tissue plasminogen activator antigen, factor VII, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, urinary fibrinopeptide A, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were measured at baseline. Arm and ankle blood pressures were measured, and atherosclerotic progression was assessed by computing ankle brachial index (ABI) at baseline (1,582 participants) and after 12 years of follow-up (813 participants). Fibrinogen (p = 0.05) and D-dimer (p 
0.05) were significantly associated with ABI change independently of baseline ABI and cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, these associations were no longer significant when analyses were adjusted for either C-reactive protein or interleukin-6. Moreover, subjects with higher levels of both D-dimer and interleukin-6 at baseline had the greatest ABI decline. In conclusion, fibrinogen and D-dimer, but not other hemostatic factors, were associated with progressive peripheral atherosclerosis. Since D-dimer and fibrinogen are acute phase reactants, these data support the hypothesis that inflammation is more related to atherosclerosis than is hypercoagulation.
arteriosclerosis; cohort studies; hemostasis; inflammation; peripheral vascular diseases
Abbreviations: ABI, ankle brachial index; HDL, high density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  F. J Khawaja and I. J Kullo Novel markers of peripheral arterial disease Vascular Medicine, November 1, 2009; 14(4): 381 - 392. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. SABIO, J. VARGAS-HITOS, M. ZAMORA-PASADAS, J. D. MEDIAVILLA, N. NAVARRETE, A. RAMIREZ, C. HIDALGO-TENORIO, L. JAIMEZ, J. MARTIN, J. JIMENEZ-ALONSO, et al. Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with Increased Arterial Stiffness and Biomarkers of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus J Rheumatol, October 1, 2009; 36(10): 2204 - 2211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P.C. Bennett, S. Silverman, P.S. Gill, and G.Y.H. Lip Ethnicity and peripheral artery disease QJM, January 1, 2009; 102(1): 3 - 16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. S. Frankel, J. B. Meigs, J. M. Massaro, P. W.F. Wilson, C. J. O'Donnell, R. B. D'Agostino, and G. H. Tofler Von Willebrand Factor, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Offspring Study Circulation, December 9, 2008; 118(24): 2533 - 2539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Toursarkissian Risk factors for progression of peripheral arterial disease in large and small vessels. Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Denenberg JO, Knoke JD, Ridker PM, Fronek A. Circulation. 2006;113:2623-2629 Perspectives in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, December 1, 2007; 19(4): 411 - 412. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|