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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on March 22, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology 2006 163(11):989-996; doi:10.1093/aje/kwj126
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American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright © 2006 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved; printed in U.S.A.

Original Contribution

Folate Nutrition and Prostate Cancer Incidence in a Large Cohort of US Men

Victoria L. Stevens, Carmen Rodriguez, Alexandre L. Pavluck, Marjorie L. McCullough, Michael J. Thun and Eugenia E. Calle

From the Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA

Correspondence to Dr. Victoria L. Stevens, Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, 1599 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 (e-mail: Victoria.Stevens{at}cancer.org).

Folate has important roles in DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation and is inversely associated with the risk of some cancers. The authors examined this association among 65,836 men in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. During 9 years of follow-up, 5,158 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Folate intakes were estimated from the questionnaire administered at enrollment in 1992–1993, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard rate ratios adjusted for potential confounders. Neither dietary nor total folate intake was associated with prostate cancer overall. However, higher folate levels were associated with a nonsignificant decreased risk of advanced prostate cancer (multivariate rate ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.53, 1.15 for the highest vs. lowest quintiles of dietary folate and rate ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.54, 1.17 for the highest vs. lowest quintile of total folate). The association was similar for quintiles 2–5, suggesting that only a small increase in folate intake was needed to alter the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Because the statistical power of the analysis with advanced prostate cancer was limited by the low number of cases, further study is needed to establish this association.

cohort studies; folic acid; men; prostatic neoplasms

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CPS-II, Cancer Prevention Study II; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; PSA, prostate-specific antigen


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