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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on April 19, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology 2006 163(11):982-988; doi:10.1093/aje/kwj137
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American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright © 2006 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved; printed in U.S.A.

Original Contribution

Expression of p53 Tumor Suppressor Protein in Sun-exposed Skin and Associations with Sunscreen Use and Time Spent Outdoors: A Community-based Study

Jolieke C. van der Pols1,2, Chunxia Xu2, Glen M. Boyle2, Peter G. Parsons2, David C. Whiteman2 and Adele C. Green2

1 School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
2 Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia

Correspondence to Dr. Jolieke C. van der Pols, Longitudinal Studies Unit, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia (e-mail: j.vanderpols{at}uq.edu.au).

The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene that is commonly mutated in skin cancer and sun-exposed skin, and this can be detected through immunohistochemical expression of the p53 protein. The authors hypothesized that time spent outdoors is associated with p53 protein expression in human skin and that sunscreen use counteracts the association. In 1996, they investigated this in a community-based cross-sectional study in Australia. Detailed information about skin type, time spent outdoors, and sunscreen use was collected from 139 residents of a subtropical township who also provided a skin biopsy from the back of the hand for measurement of p53 expression. Increasing time spent outdoors was positively associated with immunoreactivity in the whole epidermis and in the basal layer of the epidermis. After adjustment for confounders, p53 immunoreactivity was twice as high for people who used sunscreen 1 or 2 days per week as for those who used sunscreen daily (whole epidermis: ratio estimate = 2.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 3.6; basal layer: ratio estimate = 1.7, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 3.1). The authors conclude that p53 immunoreactivity in the skin is a marker of exposure to ultraviolet light in the past 6 months, but this may be mitigated by regular application of sunscreen.

immunohistochemistry; sunscreening agents; tumor suppressor protein p53; ultraviolet rays

Abbreviations: UV, ultraviolet


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