American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on March 22, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology 2006 163(10):921-928; doi:10.1093/aje/kwj113
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Original Contribution |
Physical Activity, Insulin Sensitivity, and Hypertension among US Adults: Findings from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
1 Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
Correspondence to Dr. Capri G. Foy, Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 2000 West First Street, Office 250, Winston-Salem, NC 27104 (e-mail: cfoy{at}wfubmc.edu).
Although regular physical activity is associated with less hypertension and improved insulin sensitivity, there is debate regarding the role of insulin sensitivity in hypertension. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, the authors investigated whether physical activity and insulin sensitivity were associated with hypertension. The sample consisted of 1,599 persons aged 40–69 years who participated in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. The outcome measure was hypertension as measured by a standard protocol. Energy expended in vigorous physical activity was calculated from a recall interview on past-year physical activity. Descriptive statistics revealed that 590 (37%) participants had prevalent hypertension. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, participants expending 
150 kcal/day in vigorous physical activity had an odds ratio for hypertension of 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55, 0.98) in comparison with participants who were sedentary. Further adjustment for insulin sensitivity resulted in attenuation of the effect of vigorous physical activity on hypertension (odds ratio = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.33), while the effect of insulin sensitivity was significant (odds ratio = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.41). These results suggest that longitudinal studies are warranted to determine whether insulin sensitivity is a mediator of the relation between physical activity and hypertension.
adult; aged; exercise; hypertension; insulin; insulin resistance
Abbreviations: ACSM, American College of Sports Medicine; IRAS, Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study; MET, metabolic equivalent; OR, odds ratio
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