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Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158:525-533.
Copyright © 2003 by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Influence of Participation in High-Impact Sports during Adolescence and Adulthood on Bone Mineral Density in Middle-aged Men: A 27-Year Follow-up Study

Leen Van Langendonck1 , Johan Lefevre1, Albrecht L. Claessens1, Martine Thomis1, Renaat Philippaerts2, Katrien Delvaux3, Roeland Lysens4, Roland Renson1, Bart Vanreusel1, Bavo Vanden Eynde5, Jan Dequeker6 and Gaston Beunen1

1 Department of Sport and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
2 Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
3 Department of Physical Medicine–Rehabilitation, University Hospital Pellenberg, Pellenberg, Belgium.
4 Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
5 Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
6 Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.

This study examined whether participation in high-impact sports during adolescence and adulthood contributes to bone health in males aged 40 years. Data were analyzed on 154 Belgian men aged 13 years at study onset in 1969 and aged 40 years at the end of the 27-year follow-up. In a second analysis, subjects were divided into three groups according to their sports participation history: participation during adolescence and adulthood in high-impact sports (HH; n = 18), participation during adolescence in high-impact sports and during adulthood in nonimpact sports or no sports (HN; n = 15), and participation during adolescence and adulthood in nonimpact sports or no sports (NN; n = 14). Body mass and impact loading during adulthood were significant predictors of total body bone mineral density (BMD) and lumbar spine BMD. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for lumbar spine BMD between the HH (1.12 g/cm2) group and the HN (1.01 g/cm2) and NN (0.99 g/cm2) groups (F = 5.07, p = 0.01). Total body BMD was also higher in the HH group at age 40 years, but not significantly (F = 3.17, p = 0.0515). Covariance analyses for total body BMD and lumbar spine BMD, with body mass and time spent participating in sports as covariates, confirmed these results. Continued participation in impact sports is beneficial for the skeletal health of males aged 40 years.

adolescence; bone density; densitometry, x-ray; exercise; follow-up studies; men; sports

Abbreviations: Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; DXA, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; HH, subjects participating during adolescence and adulthood in high-impact sports; HN, subjects participating during adolescence in high-impact sports and during adulthood in nonimpact sports or no sports; NN, subjects participating during adolescence and adulthood in nonimpact sports or no sports.


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