Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158:448-456.
Copyright © 2003 by Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Chronic Venous Disease in an Ethnically Diverse Population
The San Diego Population Study
1 Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.
2 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.
3 Department of Bio-Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.
4 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.
In a 1994–1998 cross-sectional study of a multiethnic sample of 2,211 men and women in San Diego, California, the authors estimated prevalence of the major manifestations of chronic venous disease: spider veins, varicose veins, trophic changes, and edema by visual inspection; superficial and deep functional disease (reflux or obstruction) by duplex ultrasonography; and venous thrombotic events based on history. Venous disease increased with age, and, compared with Hispanics, African Americans, and Asians, non-Hispanic Whites had more disease. Spider veins, varicose veins, superficial functional disease, and superficial thrombotic events were more common in women than men (odds ratio (OR) = 5.4, OR = 2.2, OR = 1.9, and OR = 1.9, respectively; p < 0.05), but trophic changes and deep functional disease were less common in women (OR = 0.7 for both; p < 0.05). Visible (varicose veins or trophic changes) and functional (superficial or deep) disease were closely linked; 92.0% of legs were concordant and 8.0% discordant. For legs evidencing both trophic changes and deep functional disease, the age-adjusted prevalences of edema, superficial events, and deep events were 48.2%, 11.3%, and 24.6%, respectively, compared with 1.7%, 0.6%, and 1.3% for legs visibly and functionally normal. However, visible disease did not invariably predict functional disease, or vice versa, and venous thrombotic events occurred in the absence of either.
cross-sectional studies; diagnostic imaging; ethnic groups; population; thrombosis; ultrasonics; veins
Abbreviations: Abbreviations: CEAP, Clinical-Etiologic-Anatomic-Pathophysiologic; OR, odds ratio.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  P. Lenzuni, D. Freda, and M. Del Gaudio Classification of Thermal Environments for Comfort Assessment Ann. Hyg., June 1, 2009; 53(4): 325 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. H. Ix, M. A. Allison, J. O. Denenberg, M. Cushman, and M. H. Criqui Novel cardiovascular risk factors do not completely explain the higher prevalence of peripheral arterial disease among African Americans. The San Diego Population Study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 17, 2008; 51(24): 2347 - 2354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L Robertson, C Evans, and F G R Fowkes Epidemiology of chronic venous disease Phlebology, June 1, 2008; 23(3): 103 - 111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. J. Kelechi and Y. Michel A Descriptive Study of Skin Temperature, Tissue Perfusion, and Tissue Oxygen in Patients With Chronic Venous Disease Biol Res Nurs, July 1, 2007; 9(1): 70 - 80. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. J. Bergan, G. W. Schmid-Schonbein, P. D. C. Smith, A. N. Nicolaides, M. R. Boisseau, and B. Eklof Chronic Venous Disease N. Engl. J. Med., August 3, 2006; 355(5): 488 - 498. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Wang, M. H. Criqui, J. O. Denenberg, M. M. McDermott, B. A. Golomb, and A. Fronek Exertional Leg Pain in Patients With and Without Peripheral Arterial Disease Circulation, November 29, 2005; 112(22): 3501 - 3508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. H. Criqui, V. Vargas, J. O. Denenberg, E. Ho, M. Allison, R. D. Langer, A. Gamst, W. P. Bundens, and A. Fronek Ethnicity and Peripheral Arterial Disease: The San Diego Population Study Circulation, October 25, 2005; 112(17): 2703 - 2707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. D. Langer, E. Ho, J. O. Denenberg, A. Fronek, M. Allison, and M. H. Criqui Relationships Between Symptoms and Venous Disease: The San Diego Population Study Arch Intern Med, June 27, 2005; 165(12): 1420 - 1424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|