Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158:365-373.
Copyright © 2003 by Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Risk of Hypertension among Women in the EPIC-Potsdam Study: Comparison of Relative Risk Estimates for Exploratory and Hypothesis-oriented Dietary Patterns
1 Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany.
2 Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany.
Analysis of dietary patterns is considered a useful approach to the examination of diet-disease associations. This study examined the risk of incident hypertension associated with dietary patterns in 8,552 women in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)-Potsdam Study. The baseline examination was carried out between 1994 and 1998. During 2–4 years of follow-up (through May 15, 2002), 123 incident hypertension cases were verified by medical records. Two exploratory dietary patterns, a "traditional cooking" pattern (meat, cooked vegetables, sauce, potatoes, and poultry) and a "fruits and vegetables" pattern (fruits, raw vegetables, and vegetable oil), were identified by exploratory factor analysis and confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, a hypothesis-oriented pattern based on the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Study was defined (fruits, vegetables, and milk products). Patterns’ associations with disease risk were estimated by Cox regression. While no significant associations were observed for the traditional cooking pattern or the fruits and vegetables pattern after adjustment for potential confounders, women in the third quartile of the DASH pattern were at lower risk than women in the lowest quartile (hazard rate ratio = 0.51, 95% confidence interval: 0.29, 0.89). These results suggest that this hypothesis-oriented pattern might play an important role in the risk of hypertension.
diet; factor analysis, statistical; food habits; hypertension; pattern recognition; proportional hazards models
Abbreviations: Abbreviations: DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire.
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