Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158:1-13.
Copyright © 2003 by Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
PRACTICE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY |
Using Intake Biomarkers to Evaluate the Extent of Dietary Misreporting in a Large Sample of Adults: The OPEN Study
1 Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
2 Biometry Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
3 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
4 Medical Research Council, Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
5 Westat, Rockville, MD.
6 Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
This paper describes the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) Study, conducted from September 1999 to March 2000. The purpose of the study was to assess dietary measurement error using two self-reported dietary instruments—the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the 24-hour dietary recall (24HR)—and unbiased biomarkers of energy and protein intakes: doubly labeled water and urinary nitrogen. Participants were 484 men and women aged 40–69 years from Montgomery County, Maryland. Nine percent of men and 7% of women were defined as underreporters of both energy and protein intake on 24HRs; for FFQs, the comparable values were 35% for men and 23% for women. On average, men underreported energy intake compared with total energy expenditure by 12–14% on 24HRs and 31–36% on FFQs and underreported protein intake compared with a protein biomarker by 11–12% on 24HRs and 30–34% on FFQs. Women underreported energy intake on 24HRs by 16–20% and on FFQs by 34–38% and underreported protein intake by 11–15% on 24HRs and 27–32% on FFQs. There was little underreporting of the percentage of energy from protein for men or women. These findings have important implications for nutritional epidemiology and dietary surveillance.
biological markers; diet; diet surveys; energy intake; energy metabolism; epidemiologic methods; nutrition surveys; questionnaires
Abbreviations: Abbreviations: DLW, doubly labeled water; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; OPEN, Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition; PABA, para-aminobenzoic acid; 24HR, 24-hour dietary recall.
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J. Lin, S. M. Zhang, N. R. Cook, I-M. Lee, and J. E. Buring Dietary Fat and Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2004; 160(10): 1011 - 1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L B. Dixon, H. F Balder, M. J Virtanen, B. Rashidkhani, S. Mannisto, V. Krogh, P. A van Den Brandt, A. M Hartman, P. Pietinen, F. Tan, et al. Dietary patterns associated with colon and rectal cancer: results from the Dietary Patterns and Cancer (DIETSCAN) Project Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2004; 80(4): 1003 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. L. Prentice, W. C. Willett, P. Greenwald, D. Alberts, L. Bernstein, N. F. Boyd, T. Byers, S. K. Clinton, G. Fraser, L. Freedman, et al. Nutrition and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Prevention: Research Strategies and Recommendations J Natl Cancer Inst, September 1, 2004; 96(17): 1276 - 1287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. S. Freedman, D. Midthune, R. J. Carroll, S. Krebs-Smith, A. F. Subar, R. P. Troiano, K. Dodd, A. Schatzkin, P. Ferrari, and V. Kipnis Adjustments to Improve the Estimation of Usual Dietary Intake Distributions in the Population J. Nutr., July 1, 2004; 134(7): 1836 - 1843. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. A Tooze, A. F Subar, F. E Thompson, R. Troiano, A. Schatzkin, and V. Kipnis Psychosocial predictors of energy underreporting in a large doubly labeled water study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2004; 79(5): 795 - 804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. S. Krogholm, J. Haraldsdottir, P. Knuthsen, and S. E. Rasmussen Urinary Total Flavonoid Excretion but Not 4-Pyridoxic Acid or Potassium Can Be Used as a Biomarker for the Intake of Fruits and Vegetables J. Nutr., February 1, 2004; 134(2): 445 - 451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Schatzkin, V. Kipnis, R. J Carroll, D. Midthune, A. F Subar, S. Bingham, D. A Schoeller, R. P Troiano, and L. S Freedman A comparison of a food frequency questionnaire with a 24-hour recall for use in an epidemiological cohort study: results from the biomarker-based Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) study Int. J. Epidemiol., December 1, 2003; 32(6): 1054 - 1062. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Satia-Abouta, J. A. Galanko, J. D. Potter, A. Ammerman, C. F. Martin, and R. S. Sandler Associations of Total Energy and Macronutrients with Colon Cancer Risk in African Americans and Whites: Results from the North Carolina Colon Cancer Study Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2003; 158(10): 951 - 962. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Kipnis, A. F. Subar, D. Midthune, L. S. Freedman, R. Ballard-Barbash, R. P. Troiano, S. Bingham, D. A. Schoeller, A. Schatzkin, and R. J. Carroll Structure of Dietary Measurement Error: Results of the OPEN Biomarker Study Am. J. Epidemiol., July 1, 2003; 158(1): 14 - 21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. Willett Invited Commentary: OPEN Questions Am. J. Epidemiol., July 1, 2003; 158(1): 22 - 24. [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Kipnis, A. F. Subar, A. Schatzkin, D. Midthune, R. P. Troiano, D. A. Schoeller, S. Bingham, and L. S. Freedman Kipnis et al. Respond to "OPEN Questions" Am. J. Epidemiol., July 1, 2003; 158(1): 25 - 26. [Full Text] [PDF]
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