Am J Epidemiol 2003; 157:944-954.
Copyright © 2003 by Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
PRACTICE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY |
Reliability and Validity of Self-Report of Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Use in the Vitamins and Lifestyle Study
1 Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
2 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
3 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention Research Program, Seattle, WA.
4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
In the United States, dietary supplements contribute a large proportion of micronutrient intakes. Therefore, it is important to collect accurate information on supplement use for studies of micronutrients and disease risk. This report describes the test-retest reliability and validity of a detailed, self-administered mailed questionnaire on vitamin and mineral supplement use. Participants (n = 220) completed the questionnaire at baseline and 3 months later. During an in-person interview, participants provided spot urine and blood samples, and interviewers transcribed nutrient information from their supplement bottle labels. The questionnaire had very good test-retest reliability for mean supplement intake over the past 10 years, with intraclass correlations ranging from 0.69 for beta-carotene to 0.87 for vitamin E. Pearson’s correlation coefficients comparing current supplemental intakes from the questionnaire and interviews/label transcriptions were high, ranging from 0.58 for beta-carotene to 0.82 for chromium; however, for some nutrients, median intakes from the questionnaire were slightly lower than from the interviews. Beta-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) showed clear linear trends of increasing blood concentrations with higher self-reported supplemental intakes (Pearson’s correlation coefficients adjusted for potential confounding factors and diet = 0.31, 0.29, and 0.69, respectively; all p < 0.0001). Creatinine-adjusted spot urinary calcium values were not associated with supplemental calcium intakes (Pearson’s r = –0.07). This self-administered questionnaire demonstrated high reproducibility and validity for collecting detailed information on supplement use.
dietary supplements; questionnaires; reliability; reproducibility of results; validity; vitamins
Abbreviations: Abbreviation: VITAL, Vitamins and Lifestyle.
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