Am J Epidemiol 2003; 157:940-943.
Copyright © 2003 by Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
PRACTICE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY |
Estimating the Relative Risk in Cohort Studies and Clinical Trials of Common Outcomes
1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY.
2 Department of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
3 Departments of Pulmonary and General Internal Medicine, Samuel S. Stratton Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY.
Logistic regression yields an adjusted odds ratio that approximates the adjusted relative risk when disease incidence is rare (<10%), while adjusting for potential confounders. For more common outcomes, the odds ratio always overstates the relative risk, sometimes dramatically. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the incorrect application of a proposed method to estimate an adjusted relative risk from an adjusted odds ratio, which has quickly gained popularity in medical and public health research, and to describe alternative statistical methods for estimating an adjusted relative risk when the outcome is common. Hypothetical data are used to illustrate statistical methods with readily accessible computer software.
clinical trials; cohort studies; odds ratio; relative risk
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