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Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156:871-881.
Copyright © 2002 by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

PRACTICE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: Objectives and Design

Diane E. Bild1, David A. Bluemke2, Gregory L. Burke3, Robert Detrano4, Ana V. Diez Roux5, Aaron R. Folsom6, Philip Greenland7, David R. JacobsJr.6, Richard Kronmal8, Kiang Liu7, Jennifer Clark Nelson8, Daniel O’Leary9, Mohammed F. Saad10, Steven Shea5, Moyses Szklo11 and Russell P. Tracy12

1 Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD.
2 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
3 Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC.
4 Harbor-UCLA Research and Education Institute, Los Angeles, CA.
5 Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
6 Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
7 Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
8 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
9 Department of Radiology, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA.
10 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
11 Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
12 Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry Research, Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.

The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis was initiated in July 2000 to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and progression of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population-based sample of 6,500 men and women aged 45–84 years. The cohort will be selected from six US field centers. Approximately 38% of the cohort will be White, 28% African-American, 23% Hispanic, and 11% Asian (of Chinese descent). Baseline measurements will include measurement of coronary calcium using computed tomography; measurement of ventricular mass and function using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; measurement of flow-mediated brachial artery endothelial vasodilation, carotid intimal-medial wall thickness, and distensibility of the carotid arteries using ultrasonography; measurement of peripheral vascular disease using ankle and brachial blood pressures; electrocardiography; and assessments of microalbuminuria, standard CVD risk factors, sociodemographic factors, life habits, and psychosocial factors. Blood samples will be assayed for putative biochemical risk factors and stored for use in nested case-control studies. DNA will be extracted and lymphocytes will be immortalized for genetic studies. Measurement of selected subclinical disease indicators and risk factors will be repeated for the study of progression over 7 years. Participants will be followed through 2008 for identification and characterization of CVD events, including acute myocardial infarction and other coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and congestive heart failure; therapeutic interventions for CVD; and mortality.

cardiovascular diseases; cardiovascular system; cohort studies; coronary disease; epidemiologic methods; prospective studies

Abbreviations: Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.


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Dietary Patterns and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Diabetes Care, September 1, 2008; 31(9): 1777 - 1782.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CJASNHome page
H. Kramer, W. Palmas, B. Kestenbaum, M. Cushman, M. Allison, B. Astor, and M. Shlipak
Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence Estimates among Racial/Ethnic Groups: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2008; 3(5): 1391 - 1397.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
A. Sekikawa, J. D. Curb, H. Ueshima, A. El-Saed, T. Kadowaki, R. D. Abbott, R. W. Evans, B. L. Rodriguez, T. Okamura, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, et al.
Marine-Derived n-3 Fatty Acids and Atherosclerosis in Japanese, Japanese-American, and White Men: A Cross-Sectional Study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 5, 2008; 52(6): 417 - 424.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Occup. Environ. Med.Home page
M S O'Neill, A V Diez-Roux, A H Auchincloss, T G Franklin, D R Jacobs Jr, B C Astor, J T Dvonch, and J Kaufman
Airborne particulate matter exposure and urinary albumin excretion: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Occup. Environ. Med., August 1, 2008; 65(8): 534 - 540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Diabetes CareHome page
N. R. Kandula, A. V. Diez-Roux, C. Chan, M. L. Daviglus, S. A. Jackson, H. Ni, and P. J. Schreiner
Association of Acculturation Levels and Prevalence of Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Diabetes Care, August 1, 2008; 31(8): 1621 - 1628.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NEJMHome page
P. W. Payne Jr., L. Littmann, S. Burtey, B. Dussol, P. Brunet, S. K. Goyal, S. R. Punnam, K. Nasir, M. J. Budoff, R. Blumenthal, et al.
Coronary Calcium and Events in Four Ethnic Groups
N. Engl. J. Med., July 10, 2008; 359(2): 202 - 204.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
S. K Gao, S. A. Beresford, L. L Frank, P. J Schreiner, G. L Burke, and A. L Fitzpatrick
Modifications to the Healthy Eating Index and its ability to predict obesity: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2008; 88(1): 64 - 69.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
J. A Nettleton, M. B Schulze, R. Jiang, N. S Jenny, G. L Burke, and D. R Jacobs Jr
A priori-defined dietary patterns and markers of cardiovascular disease risk in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2008; 88(1): 185 - 194.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch Intern MedHome page
A. R. Folsom, R. A. Kronmal, R. C. Detrano, D. H. O'Leary, D. E. Bild, D. A. Bluemke, M. J. Budoff, K. Liu, S. Shea, M. Szklo, et al.
Coronary Artery Calcification Compared With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease Incidence: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Arch Intern Med, June 23, 2008; 168(12): 1333 - 1339.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JAMAHome page
S. H. Golden, M. Lazo, M. Carnethon, A. G. Bertoni, P. J. Schreiner, A. V. D. Roux, H. B. Lee, and C. Lyketsos
Examining a Bidirectional Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes
JAMA, June 18, 2008; 299(23): 2751 - 2759.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch Intern MedHome page
D. S. Owens, R. Katz, E. Johnson, D. M. Shavelle, J. L. Probstfield, J. Takasu, J. R. Crouse, J. J. Carr, R. Kronmal, M. J. Budoff, et al.
Interaction of Age With Lipoproteins as Predictors of Aortic Valve Calcification in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Arch Intern Med, June 9, 2008; 168(11): 1200 - 1207.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am J EpidemiolHome page
M. S. Mujahid, A. V. D. Roux, M. Shen, D. Gowda, B. Sanchez, S. Shea, D. R. Jacobs Jr., and S. A. Jackson
Relation between Neighborhood Environments and Obesity in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Am. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2008; 167(11): 1349 - 1357.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 RadiologyHome page
E. R. Brown, R. A. Kronmal, D. A. Bluemke, A. D. Guerci, J. J. Carr, J. Goldin, and R. Detrano
Coronary Calcium Coverage Score: Determination, Correlates, and Predictive Accuracy in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Radiology, June 1, 2008; 247(3): 669 - 675.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch Intern MedHome page
G. L. Burke, A. G. Bertoni, S. Shea, R. Tracy, K. E. Watson, R. S. Blumenthal, H. Chung, and M. R. Carnethon
The Impact of Obesity on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Subclinical Vascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Arch Intern Med, May 12, 2008; 168(9): 928 - 935.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
H. Bahrami, D. A. Bluemke, R. Kronmal, A. G. Bertoni, D. M. Lloyd-Jones, E. Shahar, M. Szklo, and J. A.C. Lima
Novel Metabolic Risk Factors for Incident Heart Failure and Their Relationship With Obesity: The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 6, 2008; 51(18): 1775 - 1783.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 IOVSHome page
C. Sun, G. Liew, J. J. Wang, P. Mitchell, S. M. Saw, T. Aung, E. S. Tai, and T. Y. Wong
Retinal Vascular Caliber, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in an Asian Population: The Singapore Malay Eye Study
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2008; 49(5): 1784 - 1790.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 HypertensionHome page
W. Palmas, T. G. Pickering, J. Teresi, J. E. Schwartz, L. Field, R. S. Weinstock, and S. Shea
Telemedicine Home Blood Pressure Measurements and Progression of Albuminuria in Elderly People With Diabetes
Hypertension, May 1, 2008; 51(5): 1282 - 1288.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am J EpidemiolHome page
M. A. Allison, M. J. Budoff, N. D. Wong, R. S. Blumenthal, P. J. Schreiner, and M. H. Criqui
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Selected US Hispanic Ethnic Groups: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Am. J. Epidemiol., April 15, 2008; 167(8): 962 - 969.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am J EpidemiolHome page
L. V. Moore, A. V. Diez Roux, J. A. Nettleton, and D. R. Jacobs Jr
Associations of the Local Food Environment with Diet Quality--A Comparison of Assessments based on Surveys and Geographic Information Systems: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Am. J. Epidemiol., April 15, 2008; 167(8): 917 - 924.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
B. Kestenbaum, K. D. Rudser, I. H. de Boer, C. A. Peralta, L. F. Fried, M. G. Shlipak, W. Palmas, C. Stehman-Breen, and D. S. Siscovick
Differences in Kidney Function and Incident Hypertension: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Ann Intern Med, April 1, 2008; 148(7): 501 - 508.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NEJMHome page
R. Detrano, A. D. Guerci, J. J. Carr, D. E. Bild, G. Burke, A. R. Folsom, K. Liu, S. Shea, M. Szklo, D. A. Bluemke, et al.
Coronary Calcium as a Predictor of Coronary Events in Four Racial or Ethnic Groups
N. Engl. J. Med., March 27, 2008; 358(13): 1336 - 1345.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am J EpidemiolHome page
A. V. Diez Roux, A. H. Auchincloss, T. G. Franklin, T. Raghunathan, R. G. Barr, J. Kaufman, B. Astor, and J. Keeler
Long-term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter and Prevalence of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Am. J. Epidemiol., March 15, 2008; 167(6): 667 - 675.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
I. Gottlieb and J. A.C. Lima
Screening High-Risk Patients With Computed Tomography Angiography
Circulation, March 11, 2008; 117(10): 1318 - 1332.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Diabetes CareHome page
T. T. Nguyen, J. J. Wang, A. R. Sharrett, F.M. A. Islam, R. Klein, B. E.K. Klein, M. F. Cotch, and T. Y. Wong
Relationship of Retinal Vascular Caliber With Diabetes and Retinopathy: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Diabetes Care, March 1, 2008; 31(3): 544 - 549.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
J. H. Ix, R. Katz, B. Kestenbaum, L. F. Fried, H. Kramer, C. Stehman-Breen, and M. G. Shlipak
Association of Mild to Moderate Kidney Dysfunction and Coronary Calcification
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2008; 19(3): 579 - 585.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
H. Chung, R. L. McClelland, R. Katz, J. J. Carr, and M. J. Budoff
Repeatability Limits for Measurement of Coronary Artery Calcified Plaque with Cardiac CT in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Am. J. Roentgenol., February 1, 2008; 190(2): W87 - W92.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Psychosom. Med.Home page
T. Ohira, A. V. D. Roux, R. J. Prineas, M. A. Kizilbash, M. R. Carnethon, and A. R. Folsom
Associations of Psychosocial Factors With Heart Rate and Its Short-Term Variability: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Psychosom Med, February 1, 2008; 70(2): 141 - 146.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 StrokeHome page
B. A. Wasserman, A. R. Sharrett, S. Lai, A. S. Gomes, M. Cushman, A. R. Folsom, D. E. Bild, R. A. Kronmal, S. Sinha, and D. A. Bluemke
Risk Factor Associations With the Presence of a Lipid Core in Carotid Plaque of Asymptomatic Individuals Using High-Resolution MRI: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Stroke, February 1, 2008; 39(2): 329 - 335.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am J EpidemiolHome page
T. Y. Wong, N. Cheung, F. M. A. Islam, R. Klein, M. H. Criqui, M. F. Cotch, J. J. Carr, B. E. K. Klein, and A. R. Sharrett
Relation of Retinopathy to Coronary Artery Calcification: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Am. J. Epidemiol., January 1, 2008; 167(1): 51 - 58.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
V. R. S. Fernandes, J. F. Polak, S. Cheng, B. D. Rosen, B. Carvalho, K. Nasir, R. McClelland, G. Hundley, G. Pearson, D. H. O'Leary, et al.
Arterial Stiffness Is Associated With Regional Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2008; 28(1): 194 - 201.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CJASNHome page
I. H. de Boer, B. C. Astor, H. Kramer, W. Palmas, S. L. Seliger, M. G. Shlipak, D. S. Siscovick, M. Y. Tsai, and B. Kestenbaum
Lipoprotein Abnormalities Associated with Mild Impairment of Kidney Function in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2008; 3(1): 125 - 132.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 HypertensionHome page
L. Wang, T. Y. Wong, A. R. Sharrett, R. Klein, A. R. Folsom, and M. Jerosch-Herold
Relationship Between Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing and Myocardial Perfusion: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Hypertension, January 1, 2008; 51(1): 119 - 126.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
R. G. Barr, S. Mesia-Vela, J. H. M. Austin, R. C. Basner, B. M. Keller, A. P. Reeves, D. Shimbo, and L. Stevenson
Impaired Flow-mediated Dilation Is Associated with Low Pulmonary Function and Emphysema in Ex-smokers: The Emphysema and Cancer Action Project (EMCAP) Study
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2007; 176(12): 1200 - 1207.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch Intern MedHome page
S. G. Lakoski, P. Greenland, N. D. Wong, P. J. Schreiner, D. M. Herrington, R. A. Kronmal, K. Liu, and R. S. Blumenthal
Coronary Artery Calcium Scores and Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Women Classified as "Low Risk" Based on Framingham Risk Score: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Arch Intern Med, December 10, 2007; 167(22): 2437 - 2442.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
N. Ranjit, A. V. Diez-Roux, S. Shea, M. Cushman, H. Ni, and T. Seeman
Socioeconomic Position, Race/Ethnicity, and Inflammation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Circulation, November 20, 2007; 116(21): 2383 - 2390.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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