Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156:383-392.
Copyright © 2002 by the
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Serum Dioxin Concentrations and Menstrual Cycle Characteristics
1 School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, and Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy.
3 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA.
4 Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a widespread industrial environmental contaminant. Animal studies suggest that TCDD exposure alters the estrus cycle. Twenty years after a 1976 industrial explosion in Seveso, Italy, the authors interviewed female residents to determine whether there was an association between TCDD exposure and current menstrual cycle characteristics. The authors analyzed serum samples collected soon after the explosion to quantify individual TCDD levels. Among women who were premenarcheal at the time of the explosion, a 10-fold increase in serum TCDD level was associated with a lengthening of the menstrual cycle by 0.93 days (95% confidence interval (CI): –0.01, 1.86) and a reduction in the odds of scanty menstrual flow (adjusted odds ratio = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.10, 1.06). However, among women who were postmenarcheal at the time of the explosion, TCDD was not associated with menstrual cycle length (adjusted ß = –0.03 days, 95% CI: –0.61, 0.54) or scantiness of flow (adjusted odds ratio = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.70, 2.64). In both menarche groups, TCDD levels were associated with decreased odds of having irregular cycles (adjusted odds ratio = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.95) but were not related to days of flow (adjusted ß = 0.16 days, 95% CI: –0.08, 0.41). These results are consistent with effects of TCDD on ovarian function noted in some animal species and with greater sensitivity to TCDD during development.
dioxins; environmental exposure; menstrual cycle; tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
Abbreviations: Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PCB(s), polychlorinated biphenyl(s); SD, standard deviation; TCDD, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
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