Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156:1028-1034.
Copyright © 2002 by Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Pain Catastrophizing and Kinesiophobia: Predictors of Chronic Low Back Pain
1 Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
2 Department of Medical, Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
3 Department of Epidemiology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
By using a population-based cohort of the general Dutch population, the authors studied whether an excessively negative orientation toward pain (pain catastrophizing) and fear of movement/(re)injury (kinesiophobia) are important in the etiology of chronic low back pain and associated disability, as clinical studies have suggested. A total of 1,845 of the 2,338 inhabitants (without severe disease) aged 25–64 years who participated in a 1998 population-based questionnaire survey on musculoskeletal pain were sent a second questionnaire after 6 months; 1,571 (85 percent) participated. For subjects with low back pain at baseline, a high level of pain catastrophizing predicted low back pain at follow-up (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 2.8) and chronic low back pain (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.3), in particular severe low back pain (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7, 5.2) and low back pain with disability (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7, 5.4). A high level of kinesiophobia showed similar associations. The significant associations remained after adjustment for pain duration, pain severity, or disability at baseline. For those without low back pain at baseline, a high level of pain catastrophizing or kinesiophobia predicted low back pain with disability during follow-up. These cognitive and emotional factors should be considered when prevention programs are developed for chronic low back pain and related disability.
back pain; cognition disorders; emotions; pain; population; questionnaires
Abbreviations: Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DMC3, Dutch population-based Musculoskeletal Complaints and Consequences Cohort; OR, odds ratio; TSK, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia.
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