American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 155, No. 9 : 783-792
Copyright © 2002 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Prospective Study of Diet and Pancreatic Cancer in Male Smokers
1 Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
2 National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
3 Cancer Prevention Studies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
There have been few prospective studies relating diet to pancreatic cancer, with most having fewer than 100 cases and only one examining dietary nutrients. The authors prospectively examined dietary factors hypothesized to be associated with exocrine pancreatic cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort in Finland. Of the 27,111 male smokers aged 50–69 years with complete dietary information, as ascertained from a self-administered dietary history questionnaire given at baseline (1985–1988), 163 developed pancreatic cancer from 1985 through November 1997. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate smoking- and age-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Energy-adjusted butter consumption and saturated fat intake were positively associated with pancreatic cancer (highest quintile vs. lowest: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87, 2.25 (p trend = 0.04), and HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 0.96, 2.64 (p trend = 0.02), respectively). Energy intake and energy-adjusted carbohydrate intake were inversely associated with the disease (highest quintile vs. lowest: HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.36, 1.07 (p trend = 0.05), and HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.37, 1.03 (p trend = 0.02), respectively). These results support the hypothesis that a high intake of saturated fat may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer in smokers, while greater intakes of energy and carbohydrate may reduce the risk.
carbohydrates; diet; dietary fats; energy intake; pancreatic neoplasms; prospective studies; smoking
Abbreviations: ATBC [Study], Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene [Cancer Prevention Study]; SEARCH, Surveillance of Environmental Aspects Related to Cancers in Humans
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
Related articles in Am. J. Epidemiol.:
- Invited Commentary: Pancreas Cancer—We Know about Smoking, but Do We Know Anything Else?
- John D. Potter
Am. J. Epidemiol. 2002 155: 793-795.[Extract] [FREE Full Text] - Stolzenberg-Solomon et al. Respond to "What Do We Know about Pancreas Cancer?" by Potter
- Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon, Pirjo Pietinen, Philip R. Taylor, Jarmo Virtamo, and Demetrius Albanes
Am. J. Epidemiol. 2002 155: 796-797.[Extract] [FREE Full Text]
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Y. Bao, R. Stolzenberg-Solomon, L. Jiao, D. T Silverman, A. F Subar, Y. Park, M. F Leitzmann, A. Hollenbeck, A. Schatzkin, and D. S Michaud Added sugar and sugar-sweetened foods and beverages and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 431 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M Heinen, B. A. Verhage, L. Lumey, H. A. Brants, R A. Goldbohm, and P. A van den Brandt Glycemic load, glycemic index, and pancreatic cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2008; 87(4): 970 - 977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Bobe, S. J. Weinstein, D. Albanes, T. Hirvonen, J. Ashby, P. R. Taylor, J. Virtamo, and R. Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon Flavonoid Intake and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Male Smokers (Finland) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2008; 17(3): 553 - 562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon, A. J. Cross, D. T. Silverman, C. Schairer, F. E. Thompson, V. Kipnis, A. F. Subar, A. Hollenbeck, A. Schatzkin, and R. Sinha Meat and Meat-Mutagen Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in the NIH-AARP Cohort Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2007; 16(12): 2664 - 2675. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Chan, F. Wang, and E. A. Holly Whole Grains and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in a Large Population-based Case-Control Study in the San Francisco Bay Area, California Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2007; 166(10): 1174 - 1185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Nothlings, S. P Murphy, L. R Wilkens, B. E Henderson, and L. N Kolonel Dietary glycemic load, added sugars, and carbohydrates as risk factors for pancreatic cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2007; 86(5): 1495 - 1501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Takeuchi, M. Takahashi, K. Sakano, M. Mutoh, N. Niho, M. Yamamoto, H. Sato, T. Sugimura, and K. Wakabayashi Suppression of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis in hamsters by pioglitazone, a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {gamma} Carcinogenesis, August 1, 2007; 28(8): 1692 - 1696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Morales, M. Porta, J. Vioque, T. Lopez, M. A Mendez, J. Pumarega, N. Malats, M. Crous-Bou, J. Ngo, J. Rifa, et al. Food and nutrient intakes and K-ras mutations in exocrine pancreatic cancer J. Epidemiol. Community Health, July 1, 2007; 61(7): 641 - 649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J Zhang, I Dhakal, H Yan, M Phillips, and H Kesteloot Trends in pancreatic cancer incidence in nine SEER Cancer Registries, 1973 2002 Ann. Onc., July 1, 2007; 18(7): 1268 - 1279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Li, R. S. Day, M. L. Bondy, R. Sinha, N. T. Nguyen, D. B. Evans, J. L. Abbruzzese, and M. M. Hassan Dietary Mutagen Exposure and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2007; 16(4): 655 - 661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Wang, S. S. Li, R. Segersvard, L. Strommer, K.-G. Sundqvist, J. Holgersson, and J. Permert Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Mediates Effects of Insulin on Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Disturbs Host Energy Homeostasis Am. J. Pathol., February 1, 2007; 170(2): 469 - 477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Nothlings, L. R. Wilkens, S. P. Murphy, J. H. Hankin, B. E. Henderson, and L. N. Kolonel Vegetable Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study Am. J. Epidemiol., January 15, 2007; 165(2): 138 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. G. Skinner, D. S. Michaud, E. Giovannucci, W. C. Willett, G. A. Colditz, and C. S. Fuchs Vitamin d intake and the risk for pancreatic cancer in two cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2006; 15(9): 1688 - 1695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Larsson, N. Hakansson, I. Naslund, L. Bergkvist, and A. Wolk Fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to pancreatic cancer risk: a prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2006; 15(2): 301 - 305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. H. MacLean, S. J. Newberry, W. A. Mojica, P. Khanna, A. M. Issa, M. J. Suttorp, Y.-W. Lim, S. B. Traina, L. Hilton, R. Garland, et al. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review JAMA, January 25, 2006; 295(4): 403 - 415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Nothlings, L. R. Wilkens, S. P. Murphy, J. H. Hankin, B. E. Henderson, and L. N. Kolonel Meat and Fat Intake as Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Study J Natl Cancer Inst, October 5, 2005; 97(19): 1458 - 1465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Chan, F. Wang, and E. A. Holly Vegetable and Fruit Intake and Pancreatic Cancer in a Population-Based Case-Control Study in the San Francisco Bay Area Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2005; 14(9): 2093 - 2097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. Schernhammer, F. B. Hu, E. Giovannucci, D. S. Michaud, G. A. Colditz, M. J. Stampfer, and C. S. Fuchs Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drink Consumption and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Two Prospective Cohorts Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2005; 14(9): 2098 - 2105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. E. Anderson, F. F. Kadlubar, M. Kulldorff, L. Harnack, M. Gross, N. P. Lang, C. Barber, N. Rothman, and R. Sinha Dietary Intake of Heterocyclic Amines and Benzo(a)Pyrene: Associations with Pancreatic Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2005; 14(9): 2261 - 2265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Fryzek, M. Schenk, M. Kinnard, J. K. Greenson, and D. H. Garabrant The Association of Body Mass Index and Pancreatic Cancer in Residents of Southeastern Michigan, 1996-1999 Am. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2005; 162(3): 222 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Michaud, H. G. Skinner, K. Wu, F. Hu, E. Giovannucci, W. C. Willett, G. A. Colditz, and C. S. Fuchs Dietary Patterns and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Men and Women J Natl Cancer Inst, April 6, 2005; 97(7): 518 - 524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. B. Lowenfels and P. Maisonneuve Epidemiology and Prevention of Pancreatic Cancer Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., May 1, 2004; 34(5): 238 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Holly, C. A. Eberle, and P. M. Bracci Prior History of Allergies and Pancreatic Cancer in the San Francisco Bay Area Am. J. Epidemiol., September 1, 2003; 158(5): 432 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Z Stolzenberg-Solomon, K. W Dodd, M. J Blaser, J. Virtamo, P. R Taylor, and D. Albanes Tooth loss, pancreatic cancer, and Helicobacter pylori Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2003; 78(1): 176 - 181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Michaud, E. Giovannucci, W. C. Willett, G. A. Colditz, and C. S. Fuchs Dietary Meat, Dairy Products, Fat, and Cholesterol and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in a Prospective Study Am. J. Epidemiol., June 15, 2003; 157(12): 1115 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon, P. Pietinen, P. R. Taylor, J. Virtamo, and D. Albanes Stolzenberg-Solomon et al. Respond to "What Do We Know about Pancreas Cancer?" by Potter Am. J. Epidemiol., May 1, 2002; 155(9): 796 - 797. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|