American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 155, No. 2 : 103-114
Copyright © 2002 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Lactation Mastitis: Occurrence and Medical Management among 946 Breastfeeding Women in the United States
1 Department of Epidemiology and Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI.
2 Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
3 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NB.
4 Department of Family Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
In 1994–1998, the authors followed 946 breastfeeding women from Michigan and Nebraska for the first 3 months postpartum or until they stopped breastfeeding to describe mastitis incidence, mastitis treatment, and any associations between mastitis occurrence and hypothesized host characteristics and behaviors. Participants were interviewed by telephone at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks postpartum or until they ceased breastfeeding. A total of 9.5% reported provider-diagnosed lactation mastitis at least once during the 12-week period, with 64% diagnosed via telephone. After adjustment in a logistic regression model, history of mastitis with a previous child (odds ratio (OR) = 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.64, 6.11), cracks and nipple sores in the same week as mastitis (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 2.04, 5.51), using an antifungal nipple cream (presumably for nipple thrush) in the same 3-week interval as mastitis (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.37, 8.54), and (for women with no prior mastitis history) using a manual breast pump (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.92, 5.62) strongly predicted mastitis. Feeding fewer than 10 times per day was protective regardless of whether or not feeding frequency in the same week or the week before mastitis was included in the model (for the same week: 7–9 times: OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.41, 1.01; 
6 times: OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.82). Duration of feeding was not associated with mastitis risk.
breast feeding; human body; lactation; mastitis; risk factors
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; RR, rate ratio
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
Related articles in Am. J. Epidemiol.:
- Invited Commentary: Mastitis While Breastfeeding: Old Theories and New Evidence
- Ruth A. Lawrence
Am. J. Epidemiol. 2002 155: 115-116.[Extract] [FREE Full Text]
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. Nagaoka, F. Aoki, M. Hayashi, Y. Muroi, T. Sakurai, K. Itoh, M. Ikawa, M. Okabe, K. Imakawa, and S. Sakai L-Amino acid oxidase plays a crucial role in host defense in the mammary glands FASEB J, August 1, 2009; 23(8): 2514 - 2520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Fernandez, S. Delgado, H. Herrero, A. Maldonado, and J. M. Rodriguez The Bacteriocin Nisin, an Effective Agent for the Treatment of Staphylococcal Mastitis During Lactation J Hum Lact, August 1, 2008; 24(3): 311 - 316. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Wilson-Clay Case Report of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Mastitis With Abscess Formation in a Breastfeeding Woman J Hum Lact, August 1, 2008; 24(3): 326 - 329. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Jimenez, L. Fernandez, A. Maldonado, R. Martin, M. Olivares, J. Xaus, and J. M. Rodriguez Oral Administration of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Breast Milk as an Alternative for the Treatment of Infectious Mastitis during Lactation Appl. Envir. Microbiol., August 1, 2008; 74(15): 4650 - 4655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Osbaldiston and L. A. Mingle Characterization of Human Milk Donors J Hum Lact, November 1, 2007; 23(4): 350 - 357. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Campbell Recurrent Plugged Ducts J Hum Lact, August 1, 2006; 22(3): 340 - 343. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Guray and A. A. Sahin Benign breast diseases: classification, diagnosis, and management. Oncologist, May 1, 2006; 11(5): 435 - 449. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Wambach, S. H. Campbell, S. L. Gill, J. E. Dodgson, T. C. Abiona, and M. J. Heinig Clinical Lactation Practice: 20 Years of Evidence J Hum Lact, August 1, 2005; 21(3): 245 - 258. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Brown, R. A. Bright, D. E. Dwyer, and B. Foxman Breast Pump Adverse Events: Reports to the Food and Drug Administration J Hum Lact, May 1, 2005; 21(2): 169 - 174. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Lee, T. Greiner, and M. Sachs Letters to the editor J Hum Lact, November 1, 2003; 19(4): 362 - 364. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Neighbors, B. Gillespie, K. Schwartz, and B. Foxman Weaning Practices among Breastfeeding Women who Weaned Prior to Six Months Postpartum J Hum Lact, November 1, 2003; 19(4): 374 - 380. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kawada, K. Okuzumi, S. H. Md, and C. S. Rn Transmission of Staphylococcus Aureus Between Healthy, Lactating Mothers and their Infants by Breastfeeding J Hum Lact, November 1, 2003; 19(4): 411 - 417. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Barbosa-Cesnik, K. Schwartz, and B. Foxman Lactation Mastitis JAMA, April 2, 2003; 289(13): 1609 - 1612. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Wambach Lactation Mastitis: A Descriptive Study of the Experience J Hum Lact, February 1, 2003; 19(1): 24 - 34. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Lawrence Invited Commentary: Mastitis While Breastfeeding: Old Theories and New Evidence Am. J. Epidemiol., January 15, 2002; 155(2): 115 - 116. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|