American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 154, No. 7 : 666-674
Copyright © 2001 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Sensor, a Population-based Cohort Study on Gastroenteritis in the Netherlands: Incidence and Etiology
1 Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
2 Research Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
3 Diagnostic Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
4 Microbiological Laboratory for Health Protection, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
5 Netherlands Institute of Primary Health Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
A prospective population-based cohort study with a nested case-control study was conducted to estimate the incidence of gastroenteritis and the associated pathogens in the general Dutch population. Follow-up of two consecutive cohorts was performed by weekly reporting cards from December 1998 to December 1999. Cases and controls in the case-control study supplied a questionnaire and stool samples. The standardized gastroenteritis incidence was 283 per 1,000 person-years. The incidence rose with increasing level of education and was higher for persons with a history of diarrhea and for young children. Bacterial pathogens accounted for 5% of cases, bacterial toxins for 9%, parasites for 6%, and viral pathogens for 21%, with Norwalk-like virus (NLV) as the leading pathogen in 11% of cases. The gastroenteritis incidence was higher than that reported for England, but lower than for the United States. In community cases, viral pathogens are the leading cause of gastroenteritis, with NLV being the number one cause of illness in all age groups but one. In many countries, preventive measures are implemented to decrease bacterial infections. However, additional prevention of viral infections, especially NLV, might significantly decrease the number of gastroenteritis cases in the community.
Campylobacter; gastroenteritis; Giardia lamblia; Norwalk-like viruses, population-based; rotavirus; Salmonella; Sapporo-like viruses
Abbreviations: NLV, Norwalk-like virus; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; SLV, Sapporo-like virus.
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