American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 154, No. 2 : 138-144
Copyright © 2001 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Is Open-Angle Glaucoma Associated with Early Menopause?
The Rotterdam Study
1 The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
3 Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
4 Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
The authors examined the association between age at menopause and open-angle glaucoma among women aged 
55 years in the population-based Rotterdam Study (1990–1993). Information on age and type of menopause was obtained by interview. Subjects (n = 3,078) were stratified into three categories according to age at menopause: <45 years, 45–49 years, and 50 years, with the last group serving as the reference group. Diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma was based on the presence of a glaucomatous visual field defect and glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Open-angle glaucoma was diagnosed in 78 women with a natural menopause and 15 women with an artificial menopause. In the category of natural menopause, women who went through menopause before reaching the age of 45 years had a higher risk of open-angle glaucoma than the reference group (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.5, 4.8), after adjustment for age and use of hormone replacement therapy. Among women who went through menopause between the ages of 45 and 49 years, the odds ratio was 1.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.7, 2.0). These findings suggest that early menopause is associated with a higher risk of open-angle glaucoma.
estrogens; glaucoma, open-angle; hormone replacement therapy; intraocular pressure; menopause; risk factors; women
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  B. C. Chauhan, F. S. Mikelberg, A. G. Balaszi, R. P. LeBlanc, M. R. Lesk, G. E. Trope, and for the Canadian Glaucoma Study Group Canadian Glaucoma Study: 2. Risk Factors for the Progression of Open-angle Glaucoma Arch Ophthalmol, August 1, 2008; 126(8): 1030 - 1036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. de Voogd, R. C. W. Wolfs, N. M. Jansonius, A. G. Uitterlinden, H. A. P. Pols, A. Hofman, and P. T. V. M. de Jong Estrogen Receptors Alpha and Beta and the Risk of Open-angle Glaucoma: The Rotterdam Study Arch Ophthalmol, January 1, 2008; 126(1): 110 - 114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Eisner, M. D. Toomey, L. J. Incognito, J. P. O'Malley, and J. R. Samples Contrasting Blue-on-Yellow with White-on-White Visual Fields: Roles of Visual Adaptation for Healthy Peri- or Postmenopausal Women Younger Than 70 Years of Age Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2006; 47(12): 5605 - 5614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. K. Nirmalan, J. Katz, A. L. Robin, R. Ramakrishnan, R. Krishnadas, R. D. Thulasiraj, and J. M. Tielsch Female Reproductive Factors and Eye Disease in a Rural South Indian Population: The Aravind Comprehensive Eye Survey Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2004; 45(12): 4273 - 4276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Higginbotham Does Sex Matter in Glaucoma? Arch Ophthalmol, March 1, 2004; 122(3): 374 - 375. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A J Lee, P Mitchell, E Rochtchina, and P R Healey Female reproductive factors and open angle glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study Br. J. Ophthalmol., November 1, 2003; 87(11): 1324 - 1328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|