American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 153, No. 2 : 103-107
Copyright © 2001 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Comparison of Maternal and Infant Outcomes between Vacuum Extraction and Forceps Deliveries
1 Bureau of Reproductive and Child Health, Centre for Healthy Human Development, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
2 Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
3 Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
4 Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
5 Departments of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, and Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
6 Departments of Pediatrics and of Community Health Sciences, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
The authors conducted a population-based historical cohort study in the Canadian province of Quebec to assess the maternal and infant outcomes associated with vacuum extraction and forceps deliveries. The study database contains information on 305,391 mother-infant dyads (linked by a common institutional code and hospital chart number) for singleton live vaginal births with a nonbreech presentation at the gestational age of 37 or more completed weeks and a birth weight between 2,500 and 4,000 g during fiscal years 1991/1992 to 1995/1996. Of the births, 31,015 were delivered by vacuum extraction, and 18,727 were delivered by forceps. Compared with delivery by forceps, the adjusted risk ratios for third-/fourth-degree perineal laceration, intracranial hemorrhage, subdural or cerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cephalhematoma, and neonatal in-hospital death were 0.48 (95% confidence interval: 0.45, 0.50), 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 0.73, 2.25), 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.49, 1.93), 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.16, 5.97), 5.44 (confidence interval: 1.26, 23.43), 2.02 (95% confidence interval: 1.89, 2.16), and 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.32, 2.70), respectively. The authors conclude that vacuum extraction causes less maternal trauma but may increase the risk of cephalhematoma and certain types of intracranial hemorrhage (e.g., subarachnoid hemorrhage).
cerebral hemorrhage; pregnancy outcome; surgical instruments; vacuum extraction, obstetrical
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