American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 152, Issue 5 453-462, Copyright © 2000 by Oxford University Press
J Zhang, EH Temme, S Sasaki and H Kesteloot
Under- and overreporting of energy intake in relation to body mass index
(BMI, kg/m2) were examined by using 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium as
biomarkers. The data were obtained from 2,124 men and 1,998 women aged
25-74 years who participated in the 1981-1984 Belgian Interuniversity
Research on Nutrition and Health study conducted in Belgium. The ratios of
dietary intake to urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, as a measure
for relative underreporting, were inversely associated with BMI (for men,
beta = -0.019 for sodium ratio and beta = -0.026 for potassium ratio; for
women, beta = -0.017 for sodium ratio and beta = -0.019 for potassium
ratio; all p < 0.0001) independent of age, smoking, alcohol intake, and
educational level. Since 77% of dietary potassium was reported to be
excreted in the urine, subjects for whom the (dietary potassium x
0.77)/urinary potassium ratio was <1 were considered underreporters and
>1 as overreporters. The percentage of underreporters increased with
increasing pooled sex-specific deciles of BMI (beta = 1.88, p < 0.0001)
and was higher than the percentage of overreporters in 13 of 20 deciles. At
a BMI of 25.4, the percentage of under- and overreporters equalized. In
conclusion, the relative underreporting of energy intake and the percentage
of underreporters increased with increasing BMI.
ARTICLES
Under- and overreporting of energy intake using urinary cations as biomarkers: relation to body mass index
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.
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