American Journal of Epidemiology

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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 151, No. 7: 703-714
Copyright © 2000 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

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Hormone-related Factors and Risk of Breast Cancer in Relation to Estrogen Receptor and Progesterone Receptor Status

Wan-Yi Huang^1,2,, Beth Newman^1,3, Robert C. Millikan^1,3, Michael J. Schell^3,4, Barbara S. Hulka^1,3 and Patricia G. Moorman⁵

¹Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Universrty of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC
²Worldwide Epidemiology, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development Research Triangle Park, NC
³Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC
⁴Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Universrty of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC
⁵Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT

Reprint requests to Dr. Wen-Yi Huang, c/o Carolina Breast Cancer Study, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295

Risk factors were examined for subgroups of breast cancer characterized by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. Data from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based, North Carolina case-control study of 862 breast cancer cases aged 20–74 years diagnosed during 1993–1996 and 790 controls frequency matched on race and age, were obtained by personal interview. ER and PR status was retrieved from medical records (80%) or was determined in the authors' laboratory (11%) but was missing for 9% of cases. The receptor status distribution was as follows: 53% ER+PR+, 11% ER+PR–, 8% ER–PR+, and 28% ER–PR–. Several hormone-related factors were associated with stronger increased risks for ER+PR+ than for ER–PR– breast cancer: the elevated odds ratios were strongest for ER+PR+ breast cancer among postmenopausal women who had an early age at menarche (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 2.4), nulliparity/late age at first full-term pregnancy (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9, 3.2 and OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.7, respectively), or a high body mass index (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.9, 3.0) and among pre-/perimenopausal women who had a high waist-hip ratio (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.1). In contrast, family history of breast or ovarian cancer and medical radiation exposure to the chest produced higher odds ratios for ER–PR– than for ER+PR+ breast cancer, especially among pre-/perimenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 2000;151:703–14.

breast neoplasms; case-control studies; harmones; receptors; estrogen; receptors; progesterone; risk factors

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