American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 151, No. 7: 693-702
Copyright © 2000 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Diet and Bladder Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Six Dietary Variables
1Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA
2School of PuMic Health, Universtty of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA
Reprint requests to Dr. Allan H. Smith, School of Public Health, 140 Warren Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360
In 1996, more than 300,000 new cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed worldwide. Besides tobacco smoking, occupation, and other factors, diet may play a role in causation of this illness. The authors performed a meta-analytical review of epidemiologic studies linking six dietary factors to bladder cancer. These factors include retinol, beta-carotene, fruits, vegetables, meat, and fat. Increased risks of bladder cancer were associated with diets low in fruit intake (relative risk (RR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.83), and slightly increased risks were associated with diets low in vegetable intake (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.34). Elevated risks were identified for diets high in fat intake (RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.62) but not for diets high in meat intake (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.42). No increased risks were found for diets low in retinol (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.23) or beta-carotene (RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.30) intake. These results suggest that a diet high in fruits and vegetables and low in fat intake may help prevent bladder cancer, but the individual dietary constituents that reduce the risks remain unknown. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 151:693–702.
bladder neoplasms; carotene; diet; fats; fruit; meat; vegetables; vitamin A
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