American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 150, No. 9: 969-977
Copyright © 1999 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Longitudinal Change in Height of Men and Women: Implications for Interpretation of the Body Mass Index: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
1Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging Baltimore, MD
2Division of Gerontology, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
Reprint requests to Dr. John D. Sorkin, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224.
Age differences in height derived from cross-sectional studies can be the result of differential secular influences among the age cohorts. To determine the magnitude of height loss that accompanies aging, longitudinal studies are required. The authors studied 2,084 men and women aged 17–94 years enrolled from 1958 to 1993 in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland. On average, men's height was measured nine times during 15 years and women's height five times during 9 years. The rate of decrease in height was greater for women than for men. For both sexes, height loss began at about age 30 years and accelerated with increasing age. Cumulative height loss from age 30 to 70 years averaged about 3 cm for men and 5 cm for women; by age 80 years, it increased to 5 cm for men and 8 cm for women. This degree of height loss would account for an "artifactual" increase in body mass index of approximately 0.7 kg/m2 for men and 1.6 kg/m2 for women by age 70 years that increases to 1.4 and 2.6 kg/m2, respectively, by age 80 years. True height loss with aging must be taken into account when height (or indexes based on height) is used in physiologic or clinical studies. Am J Epidemiol 1999;150:969-77.
age factors; body height; body mass index; longitudinal studies
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