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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 150, No. 6: 552-560
Copyright © 1999 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

other

Drinking Water Source and Chlorination Byproducts in Iowa, III. Risk of Brain Cancer

Kenneth P. Cantor1, Charles R Lynch2, Mariana E. Hildesheim1, Mustafa Dosemeci1, Jay Lubin1, Michael Alavanja1 and Gunther Craun3 

1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD
2Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Medicine Iowa City, IA
3Formerly with the US Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH

The authors conducted a population-based case-control study in Iowa of 375 brain cancer patients and 2, 434 controls. A postal questionnaire was used to gather information on lifetime residential history, sources of drinking water, beverage intake, and other potential risk factors. Exposure to chlorination byproducts in drinking water was estimated by combining questionnaire data with historical information from water utilities and trihalomethane levels in recent samples. The analysis included 291 cases (77.6%) and 1, 983 controls (81.5%), for whom water quality information was available for at least 70% of lifetime years. Proxies represented 74.4% of cases. The mean number and mean duration of places of residence were comparable between direct and proxy respondents, suggesting little contribution to bias. After multivariate adjustment, odds ratios for brain cancer were 1.0, 1.1, 1.6, and 1.3 for exposure to chlorinated surface water of 0, 1-19, 20-39, and ≥40 years (p trend = 0.1). Among men, odds ratios were 1.0, 1.3, 1.7, and 2.5 (p trend = 0.04), and among women, 1.0, 1.0, 1.6, and 0.7 (p trend = 0.7)). Similar findings were found with estimates of average lifetime level of trihalomethanes. The association was stronger among men with above-median tap water consumption. These observations deserve further attention, especially in view of increasing glioma rates. Am J Epidemiol 1999: 150: 552-60.

brain neoplasms; case-control studies; smoking; trihalomethanes; water suppty

Current address: 101 W. Roderick St., Staunton, VA 24401


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