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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 148, No. 9: 879-886
Copyright © 1998 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

other

Prevalence of Hearing Loss in Older Adults in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin

The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study

Karen J. Cruickshanks1,, Terry L. Wiley2, Theodore S. Tweed1,2, Barbara E.K. Klein1, Ronald Klein1, Julie A. Mares-Perlman1 and David M. Nondahl1

1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School Madison, WI
2Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Wisconsin Medical School Madison, WI

Reprint requests to Dr. Karen J. Cruickshanks, Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 North Walnut Street, 460 WARF, Madison, Wl 53705-2397.

There are no recent population-based data on the prevalence of hearing loss in older adults using standard audiometric testing. The population-based Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study was designed to measure the prevalence of hearing loss in adults aged 48–92 years, residing in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Hearing thresholds were measured with standardized protocols using pure-tone air-and bone-conduction audiometry in sound-treated booths. The examination also included an otoscopic evaluation, screening tympanogram, and a questionnaire on hearing-related medical history, noise exposure, other potential risk factors, and self-perceived hearing handicap. Of the 4,541 eligible people, 3,753 (82.6%) participated in the hearing study (1993–1995). The average age of participants was 65.8 years, and 57.7% were women. The prevalence of hearing loss was 45.9%. The odds of hearing loss increased with age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.88 for 5 years, 95% confidence Interval (CI) 1.80–1.97) and were greater for men than women (OR = 4.42, 95% CI 3.73–5.24). The male excess of hearing loss remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, education, noise exposure, and occupation (OR = 3.65). These results demonstrate that hearing loss is a very common problem affecting older adults. Epidemiologic studies are needed to understand the genetic, environmental, and sex-related determinants of age-related hearing loss and to identify potential intervention strategies. Am J Epidemiol 1998: 148: 879–86.

aging; hearing loss; sensorineural; presbycusis; prevalence; sex


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