American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 148, No. 9: 821-830
Copyright © 1998 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Early and Late Weight Gain following Smoking Cessation in the Lung Health Study
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine Miami, FL
2Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN
3Division of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA
4Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
5Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
Reprint requests to Dr. Peggy O'Hara, Middle Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 96, Murfreesboro, TN 37132.
The authors examine weight gains associated with smoking cessation in the Lung Health Study (1986–1994) over a 5-year follow-up period. A cohort of 5,887 male and female smokers in the United States and Canada, aged 35–60 years, were randomized to either smoking intervention or usual care. Among participants who achieved sustained quitting for 5 years, women gained a mean of 5.2 (standard error, 5.0) kg in year 1 and a mean of 3.4 (standard error, 5.5) kg in years 1–5. Men gained a mean of 4.9 (standard error, 4.9) kg in year 1 and a mean of 2.6 (standard error, 5.8) kg in years 1–5. In regression analyses, smoking-change variables were the most potent predictors of weight change. Participants going from smoking to quit-smoking in a given year had mean weight gains of 2.95 kg/year (3.61%) in men and 3.09 kg/year (4.69%) in women. Over 5 years, 33% of sustained quitters gained 
10 kg compared with 6% of continuing smokers. Also among sustained quitters, 7.6% of men and 19.1% of women gained 20% of baseline weight; 60% of the gain occurred in year 1, although significant weight gains continued through year 5. The average gains and the high proportions of sustained and intermittent quitters who gained excessive weight suggest the need for more effective early interventions that address both smoking cessation and weight control. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 148:821–30.
clinic trails; smoking cessation; weight gain
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