American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 148, No. 6: 539-545
Copyright © 1998 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Weight History, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Levels in Middle-aged Swedish Men
1Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
2Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
4Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
5Department of Social Medicine, Stockholm County Council Stockholm, Sweden
Reprint requests to Sofia Carlsson, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
The association between weight history and glucose intolerance was examined in a cross-sectional study consisting of 3,128 Swedish men aged 35–56 years, 52 percent of whom had a family background of diabetes mellitus. Oral glucose tolerance testing detected 55 cases of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and 172 cases of impaired glucose tolerance. Among men with no family history of diabetes, the estimated odds ratios for impaired glucose tolerance associated with short (<5 years) and long (
10 years) durations of obesity (body mass index (weight (kg)/height2 (m2) 25.0) were 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2–7.7) and 11.8 (95% CI 3.3–41.9), respectively. Among men with a family history of diabetes, the odds ratios were 2.0 (95% CI 0.8–4.7) and 4.0 (95% CI 1.8–9.1), respectively. Corresponding estimates of the odds of type 2 diabetes, adjusted for family history of diabetes, were 1.9 (95% CI 0.5–7.1) and 7.3 (95% CI 2.2–23.7), respectively. The odds of high (30.0 mU/liter) fasting insulin levels in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were 6.9 (95% CI 0.6–74.2) and 21.0 (95% CI 2.1–206.4) for short and long durations of obesity, respectively. Corresponding estimated odds of low 2-hour insulin response (71.9 mU/liter) were 0.7 (95% CI 0.2–2.9) and 3.3 (95% CI 1.2–8.9). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance yielded an odds ratio of 6.7 (95% CI 0.6–73.4) for a short duration of obesity and 20.0 (95% CI 2.0–200.6) for a long duration. Examination of ß-cell function with homeostasis model assessment resulted in odds ratios of 0.2 (95% CI 0.0–1.6) and 2.0 (95% CI 0.7–5.4) for short and long durations of obesity, respectively. These data indicate that obesity decreases glucose tolerance by way of progressively increased insulin resistance and, in the case of prolonged duration, by decreased insulin secretion as well. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148:539–45.
body mass index; cross-sectional studies; diabetes mellitus; non-insulin-dependent; family characteristics; glucose intolerance; insulin; obesity; obesity in diabetes
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