American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 147, No. 8: 755-763
Copyright © 1998 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Epidemiology of Sarcopenia among the Elderly in New Mexico
1 Clinical Nutrition Program, Center for Population Health, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM
2 St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY
3 Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM
4 School of Physical and Health Education, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada
5 Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM
Muscle mass decreases with age, leading to "sarcopenia, " or low relative muscle mass, in elderly people. Sarcopenia is believed to be associated with metabolic, physiologic, and functional impairments and disability. Methods of estimating the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated risks in elderly populations are lacking. Data from a population-based survey of 883 elderly Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men and women living in New Mexico (the New Mexico Elder Health Survey, 1993–1995) were analyzed to develop a method for estimating the prevalence of sarcopenia. An anthropometric equation for predicting appendicular skeletal muscle mass was developed from a random subsample(n = 199) of participants and was extended to the total sample. Sarcopenia was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg)/height2 (m2) being less than two standard deviations below the mean of a young reference group. Prevalences increased from 13–24% in persons under 70 years of age to >50% in persons over 80 years of age, and were slightly greater in Hispanics than in non-Hispanic whites. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with self-reported physical disability in both men and women, independent of ethnicity, age, morbidity, obesity, income, and health behaviors. This study provides some of the first estimates of the extent of the public health problem posed by sarcopenia. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147: 755–63.
aged; aging; body composition; body mass index; frail elderly; muscles
Reprint requests to Dr. Richard N. Baumgartner, Clinical Nutrition Program, 215 Surge Building, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131.
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M. Iannuzzi-Sucich, K. M. Prestwood, and A. M. Kenny Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Predictors of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Healthy, Older Men and Women J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., December 1, 2002; 57(12): M772 - 777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. E. Morley, H. M. Perry III, and D. K. Miller Editorial: Something About Frailty J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., November 1, 2002; 57(11): M698 - 704. [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. A Hughes, W. R Frontera, R. Roubenoff, W. J Evans, and M. A F. Singh Longitudinal changes in body composition in older men and women: role of body weight change and physical activity Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2002; 76(2): 473 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. B. Harris Invited Commentary: Body Composition in Studies of Aging: New Opportunities to Better Understand Health Risks Associated with Weight Am. J. Epidemiol., July 15, 2002; 156(2): 122 - 124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Sergi, A. Coin, M. Bussolotto, P. Beninca, G. Tomasi, C. Pisent, S. Peruzza, E. M. Inelmen, and G. Enzi Influence of Fat-Free Mass and Functional Status on Resting Energy Expenditure in Underweight Elders J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., May 1, 2002; 57(5): M302 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. M. Matsumoto Andropause: Clinical Implications of the Decline in Serum Testosterone Levels With Aging in Men J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., February 1, 2002; 57(2): M76 - 99. [Full Text]
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 J. D. Stookey, L. Adair, J. Stevens, and B. M. Popkin Patterns of Long-Term Change in Body Composition Are Associated with Diet, Activity, Income and Urban Residence among Older Adults in China J. Nutr., September 1, 2001; 131(9): 2433S - 2440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. S. GREIWE, B. CHENG, D. C. RUBIN, K. E. YARASHESKI, and C. F. SEMENKOVICH Resistance exercise decreases skeletal muscle tumor necrosis factor {alpha} in frail elderly humans FASEB J, February 1, 2001; 15(2): 475 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. G Casas, B. C Schiller, C. A DeSouza, and D. R Seals Total and regional body composition across age in healthy Hispanic and white women of similar socioeconomic status Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2001; 73(1): 13 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Roubenoff and V. A. Hughes Sarcopenia: Current Concepts J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., December 1, 2000; 55(12): 716M - 724. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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I. Janssen, S. B. Heymsfield, R. N. Baumgartner, and R. Ross Estimation of skeletal muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2000; 89(2): 465 - 471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Janssen, S. B. Heymsfield, Z. Wang, and R. Ross Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18-88 yr J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2000; 89(1): 81 - 88. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. J. Evans Editorial: Exercise Strategies Should Be Designed to Increase Muscle Power J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., June 1, 2000; 55(6): 309M - 310. [Full Text]
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J. A. Kent-Braun, A. V. Ng, and K. Young Skeletal muscle contractile and noncontractile components in young and older women and men J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2000; 88(2): 662 - 668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Bross, M. Javanbakht, and S. Bhasin Anabolic Interventions for Aging-Associated Sarcopenia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 1999; 84(10): 3420 - 3430. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. F. Singh, W. Ding, T. J. Manfredi, G. S. Solares, E. F. O'Neill, K. M. Clements, N. D. Ryan, J. J. Kehayias, R. A. Fielding, and W. J. Evans Insulin-like growth factor I in skeletal muscle after weight-lifting exercise in frail elders Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 1999; 277(1): E135 - E143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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