American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 147, No. 6: 587-596
Copyright © 1998 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Agreement among Indicators of Vitamin C Status
1Office of Analysis, Epdemiology, and Health Promotion, National center for Health statistics, Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention Hyattsville, MD
2Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medcine News Orleans, LA
3Center for Human Nutriton, School of Hygeine and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD
4Department of Epdemiology, School of Hygeine and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD
5Deparmentof Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD
6Department of Health policy and Mangament,School of Hygeine and Public and Health, The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD
Reprint requests to Dr.Catherine loria, Office of Analysis Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Center for Health statisitics, Room 730, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782
Agreement among three indicators of vitamin C status-serum ascorbate level, a 24-hour recall, and the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption-was examined using data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1976 and 1980. Agreement between pairs of these indicators was good when assessed at the group level but inconsistent at the individual level. These indicators, when classified as continuous measures, had moderately good agreement (r = 0.45–0.54), whereas agreement was poor when classified as quartiles (kappa = 0.17–0.23). Agreement between clinically based categories of serum ascorbate and total intake levels was poorer than expected (kappa = 0.25) as was agreement between low or deficient levels hof both of these indicators (kappa = 0.3). Disagreement between low or deficient serum and intake levels was greater in participants who were younger, African American compared with white and other races, less educated, current smokers, onsupplement users, and examined in the winter compared with in the summer or fall. These findings suggest that the indicators cannot be used interchangeably to assess vitamin C status because they distinguish between different aspects of status, intake level versus serum level, an indicator of available pool. Moreover, depending upon how these indicators are used in statistical analyses, they may classify individuals differently.
ascorbic acid; biological markers; diet; nutrition surveys; nutritional status
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