American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 147, No. 5: 426-433
Copyright © 1998 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
other |
Differential Misclassification and the Assessment of Gene-Environment Interactions in Case-Control Studies
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA
2Applied Medical Sciences, School of Applied Science, University of Southern Maine Portland, ME
3Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA
Reprint requests to Dr. Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, EPN/443, 6130 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892–7374.
In case-control studies of interactions between genetic and environmental exposures, differential misclassification of the environmental exposure with respect to disease status can introduce spurious heterogeneity of the stratum-specific odds ratios. In this paper, the authors identify conditions under which differential misclassification does not introduce bias in the interaction parameter when no multiplicative interaction is present, and it biases the interaction parameter toward the null value when a multiplicative interaction is present. The conditions are that (i) conditional on potential confounders, the environmental exposure is independent of the genotype among the controls, and (ii) misclassification of the environmental exposure is nondifferential with respect to the genotype. These conditions can be tested from the misclassified data in the control group, since a test of the independence of the genotype and the misclassified environmental exposure among the controls is a test of the joint hypothesis that conditions (i) and (ii) are both true. Therefore, the authors propose a two-step test for interaction which first tests conditions (i) and (ii) and then goes on to test for interaction, provided the first step hypothesis is not rejected. A summary test procedure to test for gene-environment interactions in the presence of misclassification, based on both a conventional test for interaction and the two-step test, is recommended, and is illustrated with data from a case-control study of the role of diet as a modifier of the association between a metabolic polymorphism and lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147:426–33.
case-control studies; epidemiologic methods; misclassification
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  P. A. Newcomb, J. Baron, M. Cotterchio, S. Gallinger, J. Grove, R. Haile, D. Hall, J. L. Hopper, J. Jass, L. Le Marchand, et al. Colon Cancer Family Registry: An International Resource for Studies of the Genetic Epidemiology of Colon Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2007; 16(11): 2331 - 2343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.E. Steck, M.M. Gaudet, J.A. Britton, S.L. Teitelbaum, M.B. Terry, A.I. Neugut, R.M. Santella, and M.D. Gammon Interactions among GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms, cruciferous vegetable intake and breast cancer risk Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2007; 28(9): 1954 - 1959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Weiss, M. R. Baer, C. B. Ambrosone, J. G. Blanco, A. Hutson, L. A. Ford, and K. B. Moysich Concordance of Pharmacogenetic Polymorphisms in Tumor and Germ Line DNA in Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2007; 16(5): 1038 - 1041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Pombo-de-Oliveira, S. Koifman, and Brazilian Collaborative Study Group of Infant Acut Infant Acute Leukemia and Maternal Exposures during Pregnancy Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2006; 15(12): 2336 - 2341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Ahn, C. B. Ambrosone, P. A. Kanetsky, C. Tian, T. A. Lehman, S. Kropp, I. Helmbold, D. von Fournier, W. Haase, M. L. Sautter-Bihl, et al. Polymorphisms in Genes Related to Oxidative Stress (CAT, MnSOD, MPO, and eNOS) and Acute Toxicities from Radiation Therapy following Lumpectomy for Breast Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., December 1, 2006; 12(23): 7063 - 7070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Ahn, M. D. Gammon, R. M. Santella, M. M. Gaudet, J. A. Britton, S. L. Teitelbaum, M. B. Terry, S. Nowell, W. Davis, C. Garza, et al. Associations between Breast Cancer Risk and the Catalase Genotype, Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, and Supplement Use Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2005; 162(10): 943 - 952. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Kraft and D. Hunter Integrating epidemiology and genetic association: the challenge of gene-environment interaction Phil Trans R Soc B, August 29, 2005; 360(1460): 1609 - 1616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Zhou, G. Liu, D. P. Miller, S. W. Thurston, L. L. Xu, J. C. Wain, T. J. Lynch, L. Su, and D. C. Christiani Polymorphisms in the DNA Repair Genes XRCC1 and ERCC2, Smoking, and Lung Cancer Risk Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2003; 12(4): 359 - 365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Zhou, G. Liu, D. P. Miller, S. W. Thurston, L. L. Xu, J. C. Wain, T. J. Lynch, L. Su, and D. C. Christiani Gene-Environment Interaction for the ERCC2 Polymorphisms and Cumulative Cigarette Smoking Exposure in Lung Cancer Cancer Res., March 1, 2002; 62(5): 1377 - 1381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Zhou, G. Liu, S. W. Thurston, L. L. Xu, D. P. Miller, J. C. Wain, T. J. Lynch, L. Su, and D. C. Christiani Genetic Polymorphisms in N-acetyltransferase-2 and Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase, Cumulative Cigarette Smoking, and Lung Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2002; 11(1): 15 - 21. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Garcia-Closas, S. E. Hankinson, S.-m. Ho, D. C. Malins, N. L. Polissar, S. N. Schaefer, Y. Su, and M. A. Vinson Chapter 9: Factors Critical to the Design and Execution of Epidemiologic Studies and Description of an Innovative Technology to Follow the Progression From Normal to Cancer Tissue J Natl Cancer Inst Monographs, July 1, 2000; 2000(27): 147 - 156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Marcus, R. B. Hayes, P. Vineis, M. Garcia-Closas, N. E. Caporaso, H. Autrup, R. A. Branch, J. Brockmöller, T. Ishizaki, A. E. Karakaya, et al. Cigarette Smoking, N-Acetyltransferase 2 Acetylation Status, and Bladder Cancer Risk: A Case-Series Meta-analysis of a Gene-Environment Interaction Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2000; 9(5): 461 - 467. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Garcia-Closas, N. Rothman, and J. Lubin Misclassification in Case-Control Studies of Gene-Environment Interactions: Assessment of Bias and Sample Size Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 1999; 8(12): 1043 - 1050. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|