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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 147, No. 1: 83-86
Copyright © 1998 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

Maximum (Max) and Mid-P Confidence Intervals and p Values for the Standardized Mortality and Incidence Ratios

Pandurang M. Kulkarni1,, Ram C. Tripathi2 and Joel E. Michalek3

1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Alabama Mobile, AL
2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio, TX
3Armstrong Laboratory, Brooks Air Force Base TX

Reprint requests to Dr. Pandurang M. Kulkarni, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688-0002

The authors present algorithms to compute the confidence interval for a Poisson parameter ({lambda}) and the p value for testing the hypothesis that {lambda} is equal to a constant, which can be used to make inferences about the standardized mortality ratio and the standardized incidence ratio. The p value and confidence interval always agree, despite the discrete nature of the Poisson distribution. The authors also give simple equations to compute numeric approximations of the confidence limits that do not require the use of any probability distributions. An example based on data arising from a study of cancer incidence is given.

confidence intervals; Poisson distribution; risk; significance tests


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