American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 146, No. 11: 966-974
Copyright © 1997 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Gender Differences in the Relation between Depressive Symptoms and Alcohol Problems: A Longitudinal Perspective
1Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Buffalo, NY
2Research Institute on Addictions Buffalo, NY
3Division of Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook, NY
4Department of Psychiatry, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Buffalo, NY
5Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona Health Services Center Tucson, AZ
Reprint requests to Dr. Beth Steger Moscato, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 270 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214-3000
Longitudinal relations between depressive symptoms and alcohol problems have been examined infrequently in community-based studies, and gender-specific findings to date appear to be inconclusive. Study hypotheses were that depressive symptoms predicted subsequent alcohol problems for females, whereas alcohol problems predicted subsequent depressive symptoms for males. The authors examined these relations in a random sample of household adults (aged 19 years or more) from Erie County, New York, assessed in 1986, 1989, and 1993 (n = 1,306). Measures of alcohol problems (in the previous year) incorporated an alcohol abuse/dependence diagnosis and a heavy alcohol use index. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms over a 1-month time frame. Comprehensive logistic regression models incorporated prior depressive symptoms, prior alcohol problems, and sociodemo graphic variables (age, race, education, marital status, employment, total family income, and number of children living at home). For females, depressive symptoms predicted subsequent alcohol problems over 3 years (odds ratio = 3.04, 95% confidence interval 1.35–6.80, p <0.01) and 4 years (odds ratio = 2.42, 95% confidence interval 1.14–5.12, p <0.05), but not for 7 years. There was no evidence to support the hypothesis for males. This study clarifies and extends prior investigations of relations between these two prevalent mental health problems in a community-based sample.
alcoholism; depression; logistic models; longitudinal studies; women
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