American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 145, No. 9: 804-809
Copyright © 1997 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Long-term Effects of Reproductive-Age Menstrual Cycle Patterns on Peri-and Postmenopausal Fracture Risk
From the Department of Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
Reprint requests to Dr. Glinda S. Cooper, Epidemiology Branch A3–05, National Insitute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
The authors examined the association between age at menarche, menstrual cycle characteristics between ages 28 and 32 years, and peri- and postmenopausal fracture risk in a cohort of 874 women who prospectively recorded menstrual cycle data for at least 5 years from their early 20s through their menopause. Fracture history was obtained with a self-administered questionnaire. The mean age of respondents at the time the questionnaire was completed was 73 years. Wrist fracture (n = 62) risk increased with increasing age at menarche (odds ratio 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.7–6.2) for menarche age 
14 years compared with 12–13 years) and increasing mean cycle length at age 28–32 (odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.0–4.9) for >30.5 days compared with 26.6–30.5 days). Similar results were seen in analyses of the combined wrist, hip, or vertebral fracture group (n = 92). These prospectively recorded menstrual diary data indicate that age at menarche and menstrual cycle patterns may have a long-term association with fracture risk, with effects lasting into the postmenopausal years. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145: 804–9.
fractures; menarche; menstrual cycle; menstruation; osteoporosis; postmenopausal
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