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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 145, No. 4: 319-323
Copyright © 1997 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

Maternal Age Modifies the Effect of Maternal Smoking on Intrauterine Growth Retardation but Not on Late Fetal Death and Placental Abruption

Sven Cnattingius

From the Departments of Cancer Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala Sweden

Reprint requests to Dr. Sven Cnattingius, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.

To investigate whether the effect modification of smoking by maternal age previously reported for small for gestational age births was also obtained for late fetal death and placental abruption, the author analyzed single births in Sweden (n = 1,057,711) from 1983 to 1992. An effect modification of smoking by maternal age was obtained only with regard to fetal growth: Compared with nonsmokers aged 40–44 years, the risk of small for gestational age births among women smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day in the same age group was 4.5, whereas the corresponding risk increase among teenagers was only 2.0. The present results support the hypothesis that smoking actually influences fetal growth more among older smokers. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145: 319–23.

abruptio placentae; fetal death; fetal growth retardation; maternal age; smoking


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