American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 144, No. 4: 325-334
Copyright © 1996 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Relation of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption to Serum Fatty Acids
1 General Internal Medicine Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, CA
2 Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA
3 Clinical Biochemistry Branch, Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA
Reprint requests to Dr. Joel A. Simon, General Internal Medicine Section (111A1), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street San Francisco, CA 94121.
To examine the relation ofcigarette smoking and consumptionto serumfatty acid levels, the authors conducted a cross-sectional study of 190 men who were enrolled in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial between 1973 and 1976. After controlling for dietary fat, cholesterol, energy intake, and other potential confounders, the authors found that smoking and alcohol intake were associated with the serum cholesterol ester and phospholipid levels of several fatty acids. As the number of cigarettes smoked per day increased, the levels of cholesterol ester and phospholipid palmitoleic acid (16: 1) and oleic acid (18: 1) and the levels of phospholipid dihomogammalinolenic acid (20: 3) and omega-9 eicosatrienoic acid (20: 3) increased (all p's 
0.01). Serum levels of phospholipid omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6) and cholesterol ester and phospholipid arachidonic acid (20: 4) were inversely associated with smoking (all p's 0.01). As the number of alcoholic drinks per week increased, levels of cholesterol ester and phospholipid palmitic acid (16: 0) and oleic acid (18: 1), cholesterol ester myristic acid (14: 0), and phospholipid palmitoleic acid (16: 1), adrenic acid (22: 4), and omega-9 eicosatrienoic acid (20: 3) increased (all p's < 0.05), whereas levels of cholesterol ester and phospholipid linoleic acid (18: 2) and phospholipid stearic acid (18: 0) and the serum polyunsaturated fat: saturated fat ratio decreased (all p's 0.01). These results suggest that smoking and alcohol consumption may influence the absorption, synthesis, or metabolism of serum fatty acids. Studies that use serum fatty acid levels as indicators of dietary fat intake should control for the effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 144: 325–34.
alcohol drinking; alcohol, ethyl; coronary disease; diet; fatty acids; smoking; tobacco
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