American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 144, No. 11: 1028-1033
Copyright © 1996 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Childhood Cancer
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD
Reprint request to Dr. Klebanoff, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6100 Building, Room 7B03, Bethesda, MD 20892-7510.
The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood cancer was investigated using prospectively collected data from 54,795 livebom children in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959–1966). Cases of cancer had a histoiogic diagnosis and/or a compatible clinical course. There were 51 children with cancer, for a cumulative incidence of cancer of 1.1 per 1,000 by 96 months of age. Maternal smoking was determined at each prenatal visit; 52% of mothers reported smoking at one or more visits. By age 8 years, cancer had occurred in 1.4 per 1,000 children whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy, compared with 0.9 per 1,000 children whose mothers smoked (p = 0.15 by log rank test); the hazard ratio was 0.67 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.38–1.17). There was no dose-response effect of smoking compared with nonsmok-ers (hazard ratio for one to 10 cigarettes/day = 0.45, more than 10 cigarettes/day = 0.83). The hazard ratio for leukemia among children whose mothers smoked was 0.82 (95% Cl 0.31–2.11); the hazard ratio for cancers other than leukemia was 0.60 (95% Cl 0.30–1.20). Adjustment did not change the hazard ratio substantially. Although the relatively small number of cases precluded extensive study of individual types of cancer, the authors conclude that maternal smoking during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer in this cohort. Am J Epidemiol 1996;144:1028–33.
carcinogens; cohort studies; neoplasms; pregnancy; smoking
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